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„Chronische zerebrospinale venöse Insuffizienz“ und Multiple Sklerose

Kritische Analyse und erste Untersuchungen an einem unselektierten MS-Kollektiv

„Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency” and multiple sclerosis

Critical analysis and first observation in an unselected cohort of MS patients

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Zusammenfassung

Über die Hypothese eines möglichen ursächlichen Zusammenhangs von Störungen der zerebralen venösen Hämodynamik und der Entstehung der Multiplen Sklerose (MS) wird aktuell kontrovers diskutiert. Die neue „venöse Hypothese“ postuliert, dass Abflussstörungen des zervikalen Venensystems eine Stauung und Druckerhöhung des intrakraniellen Venensystems mit nachfolgender Entzündungsreaktion bedingen. Diese Hypothese wird unter drei Gesichtspunkten analysiert und bewertet: (1) Validität der publizierten Befunde, (2) Plausibilität im Licht derzeitig akzeptierter Pathogenesemodelle der MS und (3) Kompatibilität mit ersten eigenen Untersuchungen.

Die Autoren kommen zu der Schlussfolgerung, dass die „venöse Hypothese“ als ausschließliche Ursache die MS keinesfalls erklären kann. Lediglich 20% unseres unselektierten MS-Kollektivs erfüllten zwei der neu aufgestellten neurosonologischen Kriterien einer „chronischen zerebrospinalen venösen Insuffizienz“. Die pathogenetische Relevanz dieser subtilen Veränderungen der venösen Flussverhältnisse ist derzeit völlig offen. Ebenfalls ist unklar, inwieweit diese Veränderungen Grund oder Folge der MS sind. Keinesfalls lassen sich damit nach derzeitigem Erkenntnisstand invasive „therapeutische“ Maßnahmen rechtfertigen, insbesondere nicht außerhalb kontrollierter Studienprotokolle.

Summary

Currently, the hypothesis that altered venous hemodynamics might play a causative role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is being controversially discussed. This new „venous hypothesis“ postulates that obstructions of the cervical venous system cause an increased pressure of the intracranial venous system and that in turn intracranial congestion disintegrates the blood-brain barrier initiating the inflammatory process in MS.

The „venous hypothesis“ is analyzed and evaluated with regard to the following aspects: first concerning the validity of published data, second with regard to the plausibility in view of the currently approved pathogenetic model of MS, and third with regard to the compatibility with preliminary neurosonological findings in a small but unselected cohort of patients at our department.

The authors conclude that the „chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI)“ cannot represent the exclusive pathogenetic factor in the pathogenesis of MS. In our cohort, only 20% of the patients fulfilled the required neurosonological features of CCSVI. So far, the pathogenetic relevance of these findings remains speculative. Thus, based on the current scientific position we cannot justify invasive „therapeutic“ approaches, especially if they are performed outside of clinical trials.

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Krogias, C., Schröder, A., Wiendl, H. et al. „Chronische zerebrospinale venöse Insuffizienz“ und Multiple Sklerose. Nervenarzt 81, 740–746 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-010-2972-1

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