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Therapie mit Schilddrüsenhormonen im Alter

Thyroid hormone therapy in old age

  • Schwerpunkt: Hormonersatztherapie im Alter
  • Published:
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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Alle verfügbaren Daten belegen, dass eine Substitutionstherapie mit Schilddrüsenhormonen die erhöhte Morbidität und Mortalität bei einer manifesten Hypothyreose erfolgreich senken kann. Unklar ist, ob dies auch für die subklinische Hypothyreose als mildeste Form gilt und ob bei älteren Patienten Besonderheiten in der Steuerung der Schilddrüsenhormonachse sowie die veränderte Reaktion auf L‑Thyroxin in der Therapiestrategie berücksichtigt werden müssen.

Fragestellung

Ziel der Übersicht ist es, die gegenwärtig vorliegende Evidenz zur Behandlung einer Hypothyreose im Alter im Hinblick auf die Initiierung der Therapie und die Therapieziele zu evaluieren.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung

Neue Originalbefunde und Metaanalysen zeigen keine Verbesserung der Morbidität oder Mortalität durch die Therapie einer subklinischen Hypothyreose unterhalb von Spiegeln des thyreoideastimulierenden Hormons (TSH) von 7 bis 10 mU/l. Da sich bei älteren Patienten über 65 Jahre die mittleren TSH-Spiegel durch eine zunehmende hypothalamisch-hypophysäre Insensitivität gegenüber Schilddrüsenhormonen erhöhen, unterstützen diese Befunde den in Leitlinien propagierten TSH-Grenzwert von 10 mU/l. Diese Daten kontrastieren zum tatsächlichen Verschreibungsverhalten. Nach einer großen Studie aus Dänemark wird eine Substitutionstherapie bei deutlich niedrigeren TSH-Spiegeln zwischen dem oberen Referenzbereich und 7 mU/l begonnen. Insbesondere angesichts der größeren Empfindlichkeit älterer Patienten gegenüber einer Einstellung mit L‑Thyroxin sollte unterhalb einer Interventionsgrenze von 10 mU/l keine Behandlung erfolgen, da zudem die (primär unspezifische) Symptomatik der subklinischen Hypothyreose nach neuen, großen Analysen nicht signifikant durch eine Therapie beeinflusst wird.

Abstract

Background

There is evidence that the treatment of overt hyperthyroidism with thyroid hormones is able to reduce mortality as well as cardiovascular and musculoskeletal morbidity. It remains unclear whether these data can be extrapolated to the mildest form of hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism. Furthermore, it is uncertain whether and to what extent the threshold for therapeutic intervention needs to be modified in the elderly, in whom hypothalamo-pituitary regulation is increasingly insensitive to the negative feedback by thyroid hormones and the patients’ response to thyroid hormones changes.

Objective

The aim of this review is to evaluate the current evidence on the treatment of hypothyroidism in old age with regard to the initiation of therapy and the therapeutic goals.

Results and conclusions

According to new original data and meta-analyses, therapy with thyroid hormones does not alter morbidity and mortality in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) below the range of 7–10 mU/l. These data support the TSH threshold of 10 mU/l recommended in guidelines, particularly in elderly patients over the age of 65 years, in whom TSH serum levels increase with age. In contrast to the recommendations, the prescription of thyroxine more than doubled in a large study from Denmark and TSH levels decreased from 10 mU/l to under 7 mU/l between 2001 and 2015. As (the primarily unspecific) symptoms and quality of life are not altered by thyroxine replacement in studies on subclinical hypothyroidism and elderly patients are more susceptible to side effects, thyroid hormone substitution should generally not be started at TSH levels <10 mU/l.

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Correspondence to K. A. Iwen.

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K.A. Iwen und G. Brabant geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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H. Lehnert, Salzburg

M. Reincke, München

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Iwen, K.A., Brabant, G. Therapie mit Schilddrüsenhormonen im Alter. Internist 61, 541–548 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-020-00790-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-020-00790-4

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