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Potential of tannin extracts as resorcinol replacements in cold cure thermoset adhesives

Tannin-Extrakte als möglicher Ersatz für Resorcin bei kalthärtenden Thermoplasten

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Abstract

Blends of phenol resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF) resin with tannin obtained from bark offers the potential to minimise the quantity of resorcinol required in conventional two pot, cold set PRF wood adhesives. In the presence of ammonia, both quebracho and radiata pine bark extracts, resorcinolic and phloroglucinolic type tannins respectively, showed accelerated adhesive cure behaviour with formaldehyde, in a similar manner to PRF adhesive Greenweld technology for modifying glued timber processing rates. Segregation of pine bark components established that only tannin-containing fractions exhibited accelerated adhesive cure behaviour. Results from adhesive testing indicated adhesive blends of quebracho extract and PRF resin failed to attain satisfactory bond strength at full cure. Of the pine bark components, only a pure tannin fraction produced acceptable bond strength when blended with PRF (3:1). The study indicated pine bark extract can be substituted into PRF adhesives and adhesive cure rate accelerated using ammonia. However, extracts containing crude tannin or carbohydrate materials in adhesive blends led to inferior adhesives.

Zusammenfassung

Aus Rinde gewonnene Mischungen aus Phenol-Resorcin-Formaldehyd (PRF)-Harzen mit Tannin bieten die Möglichkeit die Menge an Resorcin bei üblichen zweistufigen PRF-Klebern zu verringern. In Gegenwart von Ammoniak zeigten Quebracho- und Kiefernrinden-Extrakte sowohl vom Resorcin- als auch vom Phoroglucin-Typ eine beschleunigtes Aushärten mit Formaldehyd wie z. B. auch PRF-Harze bei der Greenweld technology zum Modifizieren der Bearbeitungszeiten bei verleimtem Schnittholz. Fraktionieren der Rindenextrakte bestätigte, dass nur Tanninanteile das Aushärten beschleunigen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass Mischungen aus Quebracho-Tannin mit PRF-Harzen nach dem Aushärten nur unbefriedigende Festigkeiten aufwiesen. Von den Kiefernrinden-Extrakten führte nur eine gereinigte Tanninfraktion mit PRF im Verhältnis 3:1 zu annehmbaren Festigkeiten. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass Kiefernrinden-Extrakte einen Teil der PRF-Harze substituieren und in Gegenwart von Ammoniak das Aushärten beschleunigen kann. Allerdings führen ungereinigte Tannine oder Kohlenhydratanteile in der Harzmischung zu minderwertigen Klebern.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the technical assistance of B. Coombridge and C. McIntosh in the development of this work.

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  1. Biomaterials Engineering, Forest Research, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, New Zealand

    W. Grigsby & J. Warnes

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  1. W. Grigsby
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  2. J. Warnes
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Correspondence to W. Grigsby.

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Grigsby, W., Warnes, J. Potential of tannin extracts as resorcinol replacements in cold cure thermoset adhesives. Holz Roh Werkst 62, 433–438 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-004-0504-z

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