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Funktioneller Gewebe- und Organersatz mit postnatalen Stammzellen

Technologische Grundlagen

Techniques for functional tissue and organ replacement using postnatal stem cells

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Zusammenfassung

Stammzellen haben mit ihrer hohen Proliferationsaktivität und Plastizität das Potenzial, eine zentrale Funktion in zelltherapeutischen Therapieansätzen zu übernehmen. Wenngleich die Erforschung der grundlegenden zellbiologischen Prozesse in Stammzellen unabdingbar ist, so reicht dieses alleine jedoch nicht aus, um Stammzellen als Bestandteil des therapeutischen Spektrums zu etablieren. Hierzu ist parallel auch die Weiterentwicklung entsprechender Technologien notwendig. Diese umfasst sowohl die Etablierung von geeigneten Verfahren zur Gewinnung und Differenzierung der Stammzellen, als auch die Entwicklung von geeigneten Zellträgersystemen und Bioreaktoren zur Kultivierung und Expansion der Zellen. Darüber hinaus stellt der Aufbau einer Logistik für die Gewinnung, den Transport und die Lagerung von Stammzellen als Grundlage eines breiten therapeutischen Einsatzes eine große organisatorische und technische Herausforderung dar.

In vorliegendem Übersichtsartikel werden die derzeit etablierten Techniken für die Arbeit an und den Einsatz von postnatalen Stammzellen erläutert sowie Anforderungen für zukünftige technologische Entwicklungen formuliert.

Abstract

Postnatal stem cells play a decisive role in cell-based therapies due to their high proliferation activity and functional plasticity. On the one hand, basic research in cell biological processes of adult stem cells is crucial in order to establish them as therapeutic tools. On the other hand, development and enhancements of appropriate techniques are required: we need to establish defined technologies for extraction and differentiation of stem cells and to develop adequate cell carrier devices, scaffolds, and bioreactors for in vitro purposes. Furthermore, it is an interdisciplinary challenge to consider logistical aspects concerning isolation, transport, and storage of stem cells in order to use them in a wide range of activities in regenerative medicine. In this review we present the current methods of work and research on adult stem cells. We explain their therapeutic use and define requirements for future technological developments for work with postnatal stem cells.

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Notes

  1. STEMMAT ist ein Multi-Center-Projekt, in dem das Potenzial von Bestandteilen der Nabelschnur im Hinblick auf eine therapeutische Nutzung untersucht wird. STEMMAT wird vom Freistaat Bayern im Rahmen der Gesundheitsinitiative „BayernAktiv“ gefördert. STEMMAT-Partner: Zentralinstitut für Medizintechnik der TU München, Frauenklinik des Klinikums rechts der Isar, TU München, III. Medizinische Klinik des Klinikums rechts der Isar, TU München, Klinik für Herz-, Thorax- und herznahe Gefäßchirurgie (HTC) am Klinikum Regensburg, Blutspendedienst des Bayerischen Roten Kreuzes gGmbH.

  2. FORTEPRO: Ein von der bayerischen Forschungsstiftung gefördertes Projekt, in dem die Schwerpunkte Tissue Engineering von Knorpel und Knochen mit Verfahren der Rapid-Prototyping-Technik kombiniert werden (http://www.fortepro.de).

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  1. Zentralinstitut und Lehrstuhl für Medizintechnik, TU München

    J. Aigner, M. Eblenkamp &  E. Wintermantel

  2. Zentralinstitut und Lehrstuhl für Medizintechnik, TU München, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748, Garching

    E. Wintermantel

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  1. J. Aigner
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  3. E. Wintermantel
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Correspondence to E. Wintermantel.

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Aigner, J., Eblenkamp, M. & Wintermantel, E. Funktioneller Gewebe- und Organersatz mit postnatalen Stammzellen. Chirurg 76, 435–444 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-005-1008-z

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