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Molekulare Surveillance belegt Fortschritt im Eliminationsprozess der Masern

Molecular surveillance shows progress in measles elimination process

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Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Masern werden durch eine Infektion mit dem Masernvirus ausgelöst. Diese schwere Erkrankung führt häufig zu Komplikationen, die in den Industrieländern 1 bis 3 Todesfälle per 1000 Erkrankte verursachen. Masern könnten global ausgerottet werden, wenn mindestens 95 % der Weltbevölkerung zweimalig mit der MMR-Vakzine geimpft wären. Die Elimination der Masern und der Röteln wird für die WHO-Region Europa für das Jahr 2015 angestrebt. Ein wichtiges Kriterium für das Gelingen der Elimination ist die Analyse der zeitlichen Dauer der Transmissionsketten, die durch importierte Masernviren ausgelöst werden. Um Masernviren einzelnen Ausbrüchen und Übertragungsketten zuordnen zu können, müssen sie genetisch charakterisiert werden. Diese Untersuchungen an Patientenmaterial werden seit dem Start des Interventionsprogrammes für Masern und Röteln im Jahr 1999 kontinuierlich am Nationalen Referenzzentrum Masern, Mumps, Röteln durchgeführt. In diesem Beitrag berichten wir über unsere Erfahrungen und insbesondere über die deutschen Entwicklungen in Bezug auf die Masernelimination.

Abstract

Measles is a severe disease caused by infection with the measles virus. Complications after the onset of infection lead to 1–3 fatalities per 1,000 cases in industrialized countries. If more than 95 % of the global population were vaccinated twice with the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, measles could be eliminated worldwide. The elimination of measles and rubella should be reached in the WHO Europe region in 2015. One important criterion for elimination of the measles virus consists in the analysis of the duration of transmission chains initiated by the import of measles virus. To assign measles viruses to outbreaks and transmission chains, genetic characterization is necessary. These investigations have been performed continually at the National Reference Center Measles, Mumps, Rubella since 1999, when the German Intervention Program was launched. This article summarizes our experiences with measles virus genotyping and new developments with respect to measles elimination in Germany.

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Danksagung

S. Santibanez und A. Mankertz danken allen Ärzten und Gesundheitsämtern, die Proben an das NRZ MMR schicken, und Ihren Kolleginnen Ingrid Deitemeier, Petra Kurzendörfer, Cornelia Lentz, Christine Schwerdtfeger und Anne Wolbert für die engagierte technische Assistenz.

Interessenkonflikt

S. Santibanez und A. Mankertz geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fachgebiet Masern, Mumps, Röteln und Viren bei Abwehrschwäche, Nationales Referenzzentrum Masern, Mumps, Röteln (NRZ MMR), Robert Koch-Institut, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland

    S. Santibanez & A. Mankertz

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  1. S. Santibanez
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  2. A. Mankertz
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Correspondence to S. Santibanez.

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Santibanez, S., Mankertz, A. Molekulare Surveillance belegt Fortschritt im Eliminationsprozess der Masern. Bundesgesundheitsbl. 56, 1238–1242 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-013-1795-1

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