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Regulatory requirements for clinical trial and marketing authorisation application for cell-based medicinal products

Regulatorische Anforderungen an die klinische Prüfung und Marktzulassung von zellbasierten Arzneimitteln

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Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz Aims and scope

Abstract

The new era of regenerative medicine has led to rapid development of new innovative therapies especially for diseases and tissue/organ defects for which traditional therapies and medicinal products have not provided satisfactory outcome. Although the clinical use and developments of cell-based medicinal products (CBMPs) could be witnessed already for a decade, robust scientific and regulatory provisions for these products have only recently been enacted. The new Regulation for Advanced Therapies (EC) 1394/2007 together with the revised Annex I, Part IV of Directive 2001/83/EC provides the new legal framework for CBMPs. The wide variety of cell-based products and the foreseen limitations (small sample sizes, short shelf life) vs. particular risks (microbiological purity, variability, immunogenicity, tumourigenicity) associated with CBMPs have called for a flexible, case-by-case regulatory approach for these products. Consequently, a risk-based approach has been developed to allow definition of the amount of scientific data needed for a Marketing Authorisation Application (MAA) of each CBMP. The article provides further insight into the initial risk evaluation, as well as to the quality, non-clinical, and clinical requirements of CBMPs. Special somatic cell therapies designed for active immunotherapy are also addressed.

Zusammenfassung

Eine neue Ära der regenerativen Medizin führte zur schnellen Entwicklung von neuen, innovativen Therapien insbesondere für solche Krankheiten und Gewebe- beziehungsweise Organschäden, für die die traditionellen Therapiekonzepte und Arzneimittel keine befriedigenden Ergebnisse liefern können. Obwohl die Entwicklung und der klinische Einsatz von zellbasierten Arzneimitteln (cell-based medicinal products, CBMP) bereits seit einer Dekade bekannt sind, ließen stabile wissenschaftliche und regulatorische Vorgaben bis heute auf sich warten. Die Verordnung (EG) 1394/2007 über Arzneimittel für Neuartige Therapien bildet nun zusammen mit dem überarbeiteten Annex I, Part IV der Richtlinie 2001/83/EG einen neuen rechtlichen Rahmen für CBMP. Ihre große Heterogenität sowie die offensichtlichen Begrenzungen (wie kleine Stückzahlen und kurze Haltbarkeit) auf der einen und spezifische Risiken der CBMP (wie mikrobiologische Reinheit, hohe Variabilität, Immunogenität, Tumorrisiko) auf der anderen Seite erfordern für diese Produktgruppe einen flexiblen, den Einzelfall bewertenden regulatorischen Ansatz. Deshalb wurde ein Ansatz entwickelt, mit dem der Umfang der wissenschaftlichen Daten für den Zulassungsantrag für jedes CBMP im Einzelfall festgelegt werden kann, basierend auf der Einschätzung des Risikos, das vom Arzneimittel ausgeht (Risiko-basierter Ansatz, risk-based approach). Dieser Artikel vermittelt einen vertiefenden Einblick sowohl in die initiale Risikobewertung von CBMP als auch in die Anforderungen an Qualität, nichtklinische und klinische Daten der CBMP. Auch somatische Zelltherapeutika für die aktive Immuntherapie werden in die Betrachtungen eingeschlossen.

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Salmikangas, P., Flory, E., Reinhardt, J. et al. Regulatory requirements for clinical trial and marketing authorisation application for cell-based medicinal products. Bundesgesundheitsbl. 53, 24–29 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-009-0991-5

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