Zusammenfassung
Die Kommunikation nimmt auf der Intensivstation eine Schlüsselrolle ein. Bei einer relevanten Anzahl von Patienten und Angehörigen tritt ein posttraumatisches Stresssyndrom nach dem Intensivaufenthalt auf, welches noch Jahre persistieren kann. Durch regelmäßige, offene und empathische Gespräche mit Patienten und Angehörigen kann die Häufigkeit und Schwere dieser Erkrankung abgemildert werden. Bei Ärzten und Pflegekräften von Intensivstationen ist die Prävalenz an Burnout-Syndromen hoch. Auslöser sind meist Konflikte im Team, hohe Arbeitsbelastung und „End-of-life“-Situationen. Eine kollegiale Kommunikation verringert den Anteil an Erschöpfungssyndromen, interprofessionelle Gesprächsrunden stellen die Grundlage für eine gesunde Teamstruktur dar. Mangelhafte Kommunikation, z. B. in Notfallsituationen oder bei Übergaben, gefährdet die Patientensicherheit und führt im schlimmsten Fall zu Behandlungsfehlern. Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Kommunikation auf der Intensivstation müssen daher in jedem Fall ergriffen werden.
Abstract
Communication plays a crucial role in the intensive care unit. Posttraumatic stress syndromes develop in a significant number of patients and their relatives after being in an intensive care unit. The syndromes may persist for several years. Regular open and empathic communication with patients and family members reduces the frequency and severity of the disease. Among the physicians and nurses in the intensive care unit, there is a high prevalence of burnout syndrome. The precipitating factors are mostly conflicts within the working staff, work overload and end-of-life situations. Working team communication reduces the rate of exhaustion syndromes. Rounds of discussions among the work groups are the basis for a healthy team structure. Inadequate communication, e.g., during emergencies or shift change, endangers the safety of patients and in the worst case, results in treatment mistakes. Measures for improved communication in the intensive care unit should always be implemented.
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de Heer, G., Kluge, S. Kommunikation in der Intensivmedizin. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 107, 249–254 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-011-0060-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-011-0060-3