Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Biological monitoring of human exposure to volatile halogenated hydrocarbons using urinalysis with capillary GC-ECD

  • Original Articles
  • Published:
Archives of Pharmacal Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

For the risk assessment of human exposure to volatile halogenated hydrocarbons, a dynamic purge trap/on-column cryofocusing method using capillary gas chromatograph-63Ni electron capture detector and thermal desorption unit was applied to analyze the free forms, metabolites of 1,1,2-trichloroethylene and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylene. The urine sample was diluted with distilled water, hydrolyzed and sealed. Then the inert gas was infused to purge out free 1,1,2-trichloroethylene, free 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylene and trichloroethanol. These compounds were trapped to TenaxR GC-gas trap device throughout clean up tube. Being undetectable to gas chromatograph directly, trichloroacetic acid was methyl esterificated and trapped in the manner above mentioned. The optimal incubation time to get best recovery of methyl ester was 4 hours at 60°C. The concentrations of free volatile halogenated hydrocarbons and their metabolites in urine were obtained from 5 healthy volunteers. This analytical method is expected to make the biological monitoring, more precise and convenient.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Literature Cited

  1. Singh, H.B., Salas, L.J. and Stiles R.E.: Distribution of selected gaseous organic mutagens and suspected carcinogens in ambient air.Environ. Sci. Technol.,16, 872 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Bozzelli, J.W. and Kebbekus, B.B.: A study of some aromatic and halocarbon vapors in the ambient atomosphere of New Jersey,J. Environ. Sci. Health,17, 693, (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Cothern, C.R., Conglio, W.A. and Marcus, W.L.:Estimating risk to human health,Environ. Sci. Technol.,20, 111 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Lahl, U., Cetinkaya, M., Von Duszeln, J., Stachel, B. and Tiemann, W.: Health risk from volatile halogenated hydrocarbons,Sci. Total Environ.,20, 171, (1976).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Ohta, T., Morita, M. and Mizoguti, I.: Local distribution of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the environmental air in Tokyo,Atmos. Environ,10, 557, (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. McClenny, W.A.: Automated cryogenic preconcentration and gas chromatographic determination of volatile organic compounds in air,Anal. Chem.,56, 2947 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Noy, T., Fabian, P., Borchers, R., Janssen, F., Cramers, C. and Rijks, J.: Trace analysis of halogenated hydrocarbons in gaseous samples by on-line enrichment in air adsorption trap, oncolumn cold trapping and gas chromatography.J. Chromatogr.,393, 3436 (1987).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Oston, R. and William, D.T.: Head space chromatographic determination of water pollutants,Anal. Chem.,54 942 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Grob, K. and Zurcher, F.: Stripping of trace organic substance from water equipment and procedure,J. Chromatogr.,117, 285 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Warner, J.M. and Beasley, R.K.: Purge and trap chromatographic method for the determination of acylonitrile, chlorobenzene, 1,2-dichloroethane and ethylbenzene in aqueous samples,Anal. Chem.,56, 1953 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Ikeda, M. and Ohtuji, H.: A comparative study of the excretion of Fujiwara reaction-positive substance in urine of humans and rodents given trichloro-, tetrachloro-derivatives of ethane and ethylene,Brit. J. Industr. Med.,29, 99 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Jung, W.T. and Fujita, M.: Optimal conditions of purge trap/on-column cryofocusing method with capillary gas chromatography for determination of volatile halogenated hydrocarbons in aqueous samples,Eiseikagaku,37, 395 (1991).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Triebig, G. and Schaller, K.H.: Air monitoring of solvent exposed workers with passive samplers in comparison to “biological monitoring (BM)”,Toxicol. Environ. Chem.,12, 285 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Ikeda, M., Ohtuji, H., Immamura, T. and Komoike, Y.: Urinary excretion of total trichloro compounds, trichloroethanol and trichloroacetic acid as a measure of exposure to trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene,Brit. J. Industr. Med.,29, 328 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Ogata, M., Takatsuka, Y. and Tomokuni, K.: Excretion of organic chloride compounds in the urine of the persons exposed to vapours of trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene,Brit. J. Industr. Med.,25, 103 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Ogatar, M., Shimada Y. and Taguchi T.: A new micro-determination method used in an analysis of the excretion of trichloro-compounds in the urine of workers exposed to trichloroethylene vapour,Industr. Health,25, 103 (1987).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Breimer, D.D., Ketelaars, H.C.J. and VanRossum, J.M.: Gas chromatographic determination of chloral hydrate, trichloroethanol and trichloroacetic acid in blood and in urine empolying head space analysis,J. Chromatogr.,88, 55 (1974).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Fujita, M., Jung, W.T., Tatematsu, H., Sohn, D.H. and Maeda, T.: Automated analysis of volatile halogenated hydrocarbons in rain water and ambient air by purge trap capillary gas chromatography,HRC,14, 83 (1991).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Japanese Environmental Monitoring Chemical Association, “Analytical Methods of Environmental Monitoring with Commentary”, vol I ed. by JEMCA, Marugen Press, Tokyo, 1985. p. 209

    Google Scholar 

  20. JIS K 0125 Testing method for low molecular weight halogenated hydrocarbons in industrial water, JIS committee (1987).

  21. Nolan, R.J., Fresher, N.L., Rick, D.L., McCarty, L.P. and Saunders, J.H.: Kinetics and metabolism of inhaled methyl chloroform (1,1,1-trichloroethane) in male volunteers,Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.,4, 654 (1984).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. McNally M.E. and Grobe R.L.: Head space determination of solubility limits of the base neutral and volatile components from the environmental protection agents list of priority pollutants,J. Chromatogr.,284, 105 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Hajimiragha, H., Ewers, U., Janssen-Rosseck, R. and Brockhaus, B.: Human exposure to volatile halogenated hydrocarbons from the general environment,Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health.,58, 141 (1986).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Public Health, Shirokanedai 4-6-1, Minato, 108, Tokyo, Japan

    Won Tae Jung

  2. College of Pharmacy, Chungang University, 156-070, Seoul, Korea

    Dong Hun Sohn

Authors
  1. Won Tae Jung
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dong Hun Sohn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Jung, W.T., Sohn, D.H. Biological monitoring of human exposure to volatile halogenated hydrocarbons using urinalysis with capillary GC-ECD. Arch. Pharm. Res. 15, 109–114 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02974084

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02974084

Keywords

Search

Navigation