Abstract
A mathematical model is presented to relate mitral valve leaflet closing velocity to the subsequent vibrational magnitude following valve closure. This relationship is investigated experimentally by means of phonocardiographic and echocardiographic recordings from 17 human subjects. Fast Fourier transform analysis of digitised first heart sounds from each subject reveals that the sound intensities in different frequency bands are not uniformly related to the valve-leaflet closing velocity, obtained from the anterior mitral leaflet echocardiogram. It is found that, in the frequency range up to 150 Hz, closing velocity correlates best with sound intensity in the 30–45 hz bandwidth.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bendat, J. S. andPiersol, A. G. (1971)Random data: analysis and measurement procedures. J. Wiley and Sons, New York.
Burggraf, G. W. andCraige, E. (1974) The first-heart sound in complete heart-block/phono-echocardiographic correlations.Circulation,50, 17–24.
Buyukozturk, K., Kingsley, B. andSegal, B. L. (1972) The influence of heart rate, age and sex on the movements of mitral valve.Acta Cardiol. (Brux),27, 427.
Craige, E. (1976) On the genesis of heart sounds.Circulation,53, 207–209.
Hearn, T. C. (1980) Mathematical studies of atrioventricular valve vibration. Ph.D. thesis, University of Adelaide, Australia.
Hearn, T. C. andMazumdar, J. (1981) A study of the dynamic response of atrioventricular valves using a membrane model.Int. J. Mathematical Modelling,2, 97–107.
Iwata, A., Ishii, N., Suzumura, N. andIkegaya, K. (1980) Algorithm for detecting the first and the second heart sounds by spectral tracking.Med. & Biol. Eng. & Comput.,18, 19–26.
Lalani, A. V. andLee, S. J. K. (1976) Echocardiographic measurement of cardiac output using the mitral valve and aortic root echo.Circulation,54, 738–743.
Laniado, S., Yellin, E. L., Miller, H. andFrater, R. W. M. (1973) Temporal relation of the first heart sound to closure of the mitral valve.Circulation,47, 1006–1014.
Leech, G., Brooks, N., Green-Wilkinson, A. andLeatham, A. (1980) Mechanism of influence of PR interval on loudness of first heart sound.Br. Heart. J.,43, 138–142.
Mazumdar, J. andHearn, T. C. (1978) Mathematical analysis of mitral valve leaflets.J. Biomechanics,11, 291–296.
Mills, P. G., Chamusco, R. F., Moos, S. andCraige, E. (1976) Echophonocardiographic studies of the contribution of the atrioventricular valves to the first heart sound.Circulation,54, 944–951.
Prakash, R., Moorthy, K. andAronow, W. S. (1976) First heart sound: a phonoechocardiographic correlation with mitral, tricuspid, and aortic valvular events.Catheterisation and Cardiovasc. Diag.,8, 381–387.
Sarkady, A. A., Clark, R. P. andWilliams, R. (1976) Computer analysis techniques for phonocardiogram diagnosis.Comput. and Biomed. Res.,9, 349–363.
Shah, P. M., Kramer, D. H. andGramiak, R. (1970) Influence of the timing of atrial systole on mitral valve closure and on the first heart sound in man.Amer. J. Cardiol.,26, 231–237.
Waider, W. andCraige, E. (1975) First-heart sound and ejection sounds.Amer. J. Cardio.,35, 346–356.
Yoganathan, A. P., Gupta, R., Udwadia, F. E., Miller, J. W., Corcoran, W. H., Sarma, R., Johnson, J. L. andBing, R. J. (1976) Use of the fast Fourier transform for frequency analysis of the first heart sound in normal man.Med. and Biol. Eng.,14, 69–73.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hearn, T.C., Mazumdar, J. & Mahar, L.J. First heart sound spectra in relation to anterior mitral-leaflet closing velocity. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 20, 466–472 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02442408
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02442408