Abstract
A computational model of the fluid dynamics of intraventricular flow was used to investigate the importance of the effects of flow disturbances existing within the left ventricle (LV) at the onset of diastole on a diastolic flow field. The simulation started with a quiescent flow state; it continued for a number of cardiac cycles to obtain a cyclically repeatable flow. After the flow became periodic, the initial diastolic flow was not quiescent: flow disturbances, remnants of a systolic flow, were present within the LV. Nevertheless, they faded away during an acceleration phase of diastole and almost ceased by the end of this phase. Consequently, a flow field during a deceleration phase of diastole, characterised by the formation of a vortex ring, was hardly affected by the initial flow disturbances. The propagation velocity of a colour M-mode Doppler echocardiogram obtained by scanning velocity along the LV long axis was 0.58ms−1 in the case where diastolic flow was initially quiescent and 0.56ms−1 in the case where flow disturbances existed at the beginning of diastole. These results indicated that the colour M-mode Doppler echocardiographic technique captures flow dynamics produced purely by ventricular expansion, with little influence from initial diastolic flow disturbances.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
De Mey, S., De Sutter, J., Vierendeels, J., andVerdonck, P. (2001): ‘Diastolic filling and pressure imaging: taking advantage of the information in a colour M-mode Doppler image’,Eur. J. Echocardio.,12, pp. 219–233
Honma, H., Oobayashi, K., andUeda, K. (1998): ‘Echographic anatomy for echocardiograms’, in:Japan Medical Association (Ed.): ‘Guide to Echocardiography’ (Nakayama, Tokyo, 1988), pp. 3–16
Kitabatake, A., Inoue, M., Asao, M., Tanouchi, J., Masuyama, T., Abe, H., Morita, H., Senda, S., andMatsuo, H. (1982): ‘Transmitral blood flow reflecting diastolic behavior of the left ventricle in health and disease—a study by pulsed Doppler technique’,Jpn. Circ. J.,46, pp. 92–102
Jacobs, L. E., Kotler, M. N., andParry, W. R. (1990): ‘Flow patterns in dilated cardiomyopathy: a pulsed-wave and color flow Doppler study,’J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr.,3, pp. 294–302
Kilner, P. J., Yang, G. Z., Wilkes, A. J., Mohiaddin, R. H., Firmin, D. N., andYacoub, M. H. (2000): ‘Asymmetric redirection of flow through the heart’,Nature,404, pp. 759–761
Moller, J. E., Sondergaard, E., Seward, J. B., Appleton, C. P., andEgstrup, K. (2000): ‘Ratio of left ventricular peak E-wave velocity to flow propagation velocity assessed by color m-mode Doppler echocardiography in first myocardial infarction: prognostic and clinical implications’,J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,35, pp. 363–370
Nakamura, M., Wada, S., Mikami, T., Kitabatake, A., andKarino, T. (2001): ‘Relationship between intraventricular flow patterns and the shapes of the aliasing, area in color M-mode Doppler echocardiograms—a CFD Study with an axisymmetric model of the LV’,JSME Int. J. Ser. C,44, pp. 1013–1020
Nakamura, M., Wada, S., Mikami, T., Kitabatake, A., andKarino, T. (2002): ‘A computational fluid mechanical study on the effects of opening and closing of the mitral orifice on a transmitral flow velocity profile and an early diastolic intraventricular flow’,JSME Int. J. Ser. C,45, pp. 913–922
Nakamura, M., Wada, S., Mikami, T., Kitabatake, A., andKarino, T. (2003): ‘Computational study on the evolution of a vortical flow in a human left ventricle during early diastole’,Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol.,2, pp. 59–72
Poleur, H., Hanet, C., Gurne, O., andRousseau, M. F. (1989): ‘Focus on diastolic dysfunction: a new approach to heart failure therapy’,Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol.,28, pp. 41S-52S
Saber, N. R., Gosman, A. D., Wood, N. B., Kilner, P. J., Charrier, C. L., andFirmin, D. N. (2001): ‘Computational flow modeling of the left ventricle based on in vivo MRI data: initial experience’,Ann. Biomed. Eng.,29, pp. 275–283
Saber, N. R., Wood, N. B., Gosman, A. D., Merrifield, R. D., Yang, G. Z., Charrier, C. L., Gatehouse, P. D., andFirmin, D. N. (2003): ‘Progress towards patient-specific computational flow modeling of the left heart via combination of magnetic resonance imaging with computational fluid dynamics’,Ann. Biomed. Eng.,31, pp. 42–52
Steen, T., andSteen, S. (1994): ‘Filling of a model left ventricle studied by colour M mode Doppler’,Cardiovasc. Res.,28, pp. 1821–1827
Stugaard, M., Brodahl, U., Torp, H., andIhlen, H. (1994): ‘Abnormalities of left ventricular filling in patients with coronary artery disease: assessment by colour M-mode Doppler technique’,Eur. Heart J.,15, pp. 318–327
Takatsuji, H., Mikami, T., Urasawa, K., Teranishi, J., Onozuka, H., Takagi, C., Makita, Y., Matsuo, H., Kusuoka, H., andKitabatake, A. (1996): ‘A new approach for evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function: spatial and temporal analysis of left ventricular filling flow propagation by color M-mode Doppler echocardiography’,J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,27, pp. 365–371
Taylor, T. W., andYamaguchi, T. (1995): ‘Flow patterns in threedimensional left ventricular systolic and diastolic flows determined from computational fluid dynamics’,Biorheology,32, pp.61–71
Vierendeels, J. A., Riemslagh, K., Dick, E., andVerdonck, P. R. (2000): ‘Computer simulation of intraventricular flow and pressure gradients during diastole’,J. Biomech. Eng.,122, pp. 667–674
Vierendeels, J. A., Dick, E., andVerdonck, P. R. (2002): ‘Hydrodynamics of color M-mode Doppler flow wave propagation velocity v(p): a computer study’,J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr.,15, pp. 219–224
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nakamura, M., Wada, S., Mikami, T. et al. Effect of flow disturbances remaining at the beginning of diastole on intraventricular diastolic flow and colour M-mode Doppler echocardiograms. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 42, 509–515 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02350992
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02350992