Skip to main content
Log in

Digital halftoning by iterative isotropic error feedback

  • Published:
The Visual Computer Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

An error diffusion scheme for digital halftoning is proposed. The scheme is an iterative and isotropic error feedback process. Also, to compensate for the nonlinear tone reproduction by laser printers due to ink drop overlaps, we incorporate Pappas-Neuhoff's simplified printer model into the new error diffusion scheme. It appears that the proposed halftoning technique enhances the perceived tone continuity of halftone hard copies, and it alleviates the objectionable structured halftone textures of some existing methods. In addition, a mechanism is suggested to preview a halftone print on a gray-level CRT monitor. The user can interactively set the desired brightness of the halftone print and balance image contrast and tone continuity, which are two mutually exclusive subjective criteria for halftone reproduction.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Allebach JP (1981) Visual model-based algorithms for halftoning images. Proc. SPIE 310:151–158

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bayer BE (1973) An optimum method for two-level rendition of continuous-tone pictures. Conference, Rec: IEEE International Conference on Communication 1: (26-11)–(26-15), New York

  3. Floyd RW, Steinber L (1976) An adaptive algorithm for spatial grey scale. Proc: SID 17: 75–77

    Google Scholar 

  4. Geist R, Reynolds R, Suggs D (1993) A Markovian framework for digital halftoning. ACM Trans Graph 12: 136–159

    Google Scholar 

  5. Gotsman C (1993) Halftoning of image sequences. Visual Comput 9: 255–266

    Google Scholar 

  6. Jarvis JF, Judice C, Ninke WH (1976) A survey of techniques for the display of continuous-tone pictures on bilevel displays. Comput Graph Image Proc 5: 13–40

    Google Scholar 

  7. Knuth DE (1987) Digital halftones by dot diffusion. ACM Trans Graphic 6:245–273

    Google Scholar 

  8. Kolias S, Anastassiou D (1991) A unified neural network approach to digital image halftoning. IEEE Trans Signal Processing 39:980–984

    Google Scholar 

  9. Pappas TN, Neuhoff DL (1991) Model-based halftoning SPIE/IS&T Symposium on Electronic Imaging Science and Technology, San Jose, Calif, pp

  10. Roetling PG, Holladay TM (1979) Tone reproduction and screen design for pictorial electrographic printing. J Applied Photogr Eng 15:179–182

    Google Scholar 

  11. Sullivan J, Ray L, Miller R (1991) Design of minimum visual modulation halftone patterns. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybernetics 21:33–38

    Google Scholar 

  12. Ulichney R (1987) Digital Halftoning. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass

    Google Scholar 

  13. Witten IH, Neal RM (1982) Using peano curves for bilevel of continuous tone images. IEEE Comput Graph Appl: 47–52

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wu, X. Digital halftoning by iterative isotropic error feedback. The Visual Computer 11, 69–81 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01889977

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01889977

Key words

Navigation