Effect of sodium deprivation on contraction and charge movement in frog skeletal muscle fibres

Summary

Measurements of isometric tension were performed in single twitch skeletal muscle fibres and the effect of extracellular Na⁺ removal on contraction was investigated. Na⁺ withdrawal brought about an increase in the amplitude of K⁺ contractures and their time course became faster. The potentiation of K⁺ contractures depended strongly on extracellular Ca²⁺ and developed slowly following an exponential time course with a time constant of approximately 8 min. Removal of extracellular Na⁺ greatly increased the amplitude of caffeine contractures and lowered its threshold: caffeine (0.5 mM) had no effect on resting tension in Ringer's but produced contractures in Na⁺-free solutions. Intramembrane charge movement (charge 1) was monitored in contracting voltage-clamped segments of frog skeletal muscle fibres using the triple-Vaseline-gap technique. Movement of charge 1 did not depend on the presence of extracellular Na⁺. However, the mechanical threshold decreased by approximately 10 mV at several pulse durations and the charge which produced just detectable contractions decreased by approximately 5 nC μF⁻¹ in the absence of extracellular Na⁺. Intracellular heparin (40 mg ml⁻¹) increased the mechanical threshold by approximately 20 mV without affecting the movement of charge 1. The effect of Na⁺-free solutions on the mechanical threshold was additive to that of heparin. It is concluded that the effects of Na⁺-withdrawal on contraction take place at a location beyond the voltage sensor of excitation-contraction coupling.