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Management of primary vesico-ureteric reflux in children — Operation ineffective in preventing progressive renal damage

Behandlung von Kindern mit primärem vesikoureteralen Reflux — Ineffektivität der Operation bei der Verhinderung fortschreitender Nierenschäden

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Summary

Four studies comprising 606 children and with a follow-up of 4–5 years have shown that operation and long-term antibiotic prophylaxis are equally ineffective in preventing post-infectious, progressive renal damage in children with grade III-IV reflux. To consider only the grade of reflux in the choice of management is too simple an approach. Other aspects of the complex biology of UTI should also be considered. Another important aspect concerns the organization of the care. Efficient and robust routines for a thorough follow-up and measures to guarantee immediate diagnosis and treatment of recurrent infections in children known to be at risk may be more important for the preservation of the kidneys than a stereotyped policy of operation or “endless” antibiotic prophylaxis. Specialized teams should be used as in the treatment of other long-term diseases. Parents should be educated and made active participants in the supervision of children at risk. Controlled multicentre studies are powerful scientific instruments, but appear to have too little impact on clinical practice. The responsibility of clinical scientists to make important results known and understood among those concerned is discussed from the ethical point of view.

Zusammenfassung

In vier klinischen Studien mit insgesamt 606 Kindern, die über 4–5 Jahre beobachtet wurden, konnte gezeigt werden, daß weder durch die Operation noch durch eine Langzeit-Antibiotikaprophylaxe postinfektöse, fortschreitende Nierenschäden bei Kindern mit Reflux Grad III-IV verhindert werden können. Der Grad des Refluxes reicht als alleiniges Therapiekriterium nicht aus. Andere Gesichtspunkte müssen bei der Komplexität der Harnwegsinfektionen auch berücksichtigt werden. Ein wichtiger Aspekt ist die Organisation einer effizienten und verläßlichen Nachsorge. Die unverzügliche Diagnose und Therapie einer rezidivierenden Infektion bei Kindern mit bekanntem Risiko sind wahrscheinlich für die Nierenprotektion wichtiger als eine stereotype Indikationsstellung zur Operation oder zu einer „endlosen” Antibiotikaprophylaxe. Spezialisierte Pflegegruppen sollten wie bei der Behandlung anderer chronischer Erkrankungen eingesetzt werden. Die Eltern müssen entsprechend informiert werden, damit sie sich aktiv bei der Überwachung der mit dem Risiko belasteten Kindern beteiligen können. Kontrollierte multizentrische Studien haben zwar eine große wissenschaftliche Aussage, haben offenbar aber auf die klinische Praxis wenig Einfluß. Vom ethischen Standpunkt sind klinische Forscher auch dafür verantwortlich, daß wichtige Ergebnisse bekannt gemacht und auch von denen, die es betrifft, verstanden werden.

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Winberg, J. Management of primary vesico-ureteric reflux in children — Operation ineffective in preventing progressive renal damage. Infection 22 (Suppl 1), S4–S7 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01716025

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