Skip to main content
Log in

Golgi vesicles of uncommon morphology and wall formation in the red alga,Polysiphonia

  • Published:
Protoplasma Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Golgi bodies of immature carposporangia ofPolysiphonia sp. are composed of a polarized stack of six to ten curved cisternae. The cisternae are surrounded by 50–200 nm diameter slightly granular vesicles.

Hypertrophied, fibrillar Golgi cisternae occur in mature carposporangia. Secretory vesicles originate from ends of cisternae and by complete vesiculation of terminal cisternae; 0.6–1.2 μm diameter, fibrous vesicles, many with electron dense nucleoids are abundant throughout the cytoplasm of mature sporangia. Vesicles expand, fuse with each other and cluster around starch granules. Some vesicles secrete their content into the spore wall. Morphological analyses of starch granules as well as topographical relations between vesicles, starch granules and the adjacent cytoplasm suggest that these Golgi vesicles function like lysosomes. The significance of these observations is discussed in relation to the composition of plant cell walls and cellular expansion.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Beams, H. W., andR. G. Kessel, 1968: The Golgi apparatus: structure and function. Int. Rev. Cytol.23, 209–276.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bisalputra, T., P. C. Rusanowski, andW. S. Walker, 1967: Surface activity, cell wall and fine structure of pit connection in the red algaLaurencia spectabilis. J. Ultrastruct. Res.20, 277–289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bouck, G. B., 1962: Chromatophore development, pits, and other fine structure in the red algaLomentaria baileyana (Harv.) Farlow. J. Cell Biol.12, 553–569.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, R. M., H. Kleinig, H. Falk, P. Sitte, andW. Franke, 1970: Scale formation in Chrysophycean algae. J. Cell Biol.45, 246–271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buvat, R., 1971: Origin and continuity of cell vacuoles. In: Origin and continuity of cell organelles (J. Reinert andH. Ursprung, eds.), pp. 127–153. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chamberlain, A. H. L., andL. V. Evans, 1973: Aspects of spore production in the red algaCeramium. Protoplasma76, 139–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohn, Z. A., andE. M. Fedorko, 1969: The formation and fate of lysosomes. In: Lysosomes in biology and pathology (J. T. Dingle andB. Fell, eds.), Vol. I, pp. 43–63. New York: American Elsevier Publishing Co., Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronshaw, J., A. Myers, andR. D. Preston, 1958: A chemical and physical investigation of the cell walls of some marine algae. Biochim. Biophys. Acta27, 89–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawes, C. J., F. M. Scott, andE. Bowler, 1961: A light and electron microscopic survey of algal cell walls. I.Phaeophyta andRhodophyta. Amer. J. Bot.48, 925–934.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frederick, S. E., E. H. Newcomb, E. L. Vigil, andW. P. Wergin, 1968: Fine structural characterization of plant microbodies. Planta81, 229–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grove, S. N., C. E. Bracker, andD. J. Morré, 1970: An ultrastructural basis for hyphal tip growth inPythium ultimum. Amer. J. Bot.57, 245–266.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hruban, Z., and M.Rechcigl, 1969: Microbodies and related particles. Int. Rev. Cytol. Supplement 1.

  • Karnovsky, M. J., 1965: A formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixative of high osmolality in electron microscopy. Abstr. 5th. Ann. Meet. Amer. Soc. Cell Biol. 137 A.

  • Konrad Hawkins, E., 1972: Observations on the developmental morphology and fine structure of pit connections in red algae. Cytologia37, 759–768.

    Google Scholar 

  • - 1973: Growth and differentiation of the Golgi apparatus inCallithamnion roseum. J. Cell Sci. (in press).

  • Kugrens, P., andJ. A. West, 1972: Ultrastructure of tetrasporogenesis in the parasitic red algaLevringiella gardneri (Setchell) Kylin. J. Phycol.8, 370–383.

    Google Scholar 

  • McBride, D. L., andK. Cole, 1969: Ultrastructural characteristics of the vegetative cell ofSmithora naiadum (Rhodophyta). Phycologia8, 177–186.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manton, I., 1967: Further observations on the fine structure ofChrysochromulina chiton with special reference to the haptonema, a “peculiar” Golgi structure and scale production. J. Cell Sci.2, 265–272.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mollenhauer, H. H., D. J. Morré, andA. G. Kelley, 1966: The widespread occurrence of plant cytosomes resembling animal microbodies. Protoplasma62, 44–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moor, H., andK. Mühlethaler, 1963: Fine structure of frozen-etched yeast cells. J. Cell Biol.17, 609–628.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morré, D. J., H. H. Mollenhauer, andC. E. Bracker, 1971: Origin and continuity of the Golgi apparatus. In: Origin and continuity of cell organelles (J. Reinert andH. Ursprung, eds.), pp. 82–118. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mühlethaler, K., 1950: The structure of plant slimes. Exp. Cell Res.1, 341–352.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1967: Ultrastructure and formation of plant cell walls. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol.18, 1–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers, A., R. D. Preston, andG. W. Ripley, 1956: X-ray and electron microscope investigation ofGriffithsia flosculosa. Proc. Roy. Soc. B.144, 450–459.

    Google Scholar 

  • Northcote, D. H., 1969: The synthesis and metabolic control of polysaccharides and lignin during differentiation of plant cells. Essays Biochem.5, 90–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, andJ. D. Pickett-Heaps, 1966: A function of the Golgi apparatus in polysaccharide synthesis and transport in the root-cap cells of wheat. Biochem. J.98, 159–167.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, andF. B. P. Wooding, 1966: Development of sieve tubes inAcer pseudoplatanus. Proc. Roy. Soc. B.163, 524–537.

    Google Scholar 

  • Novikoff, A. B., 1967: Lysosomes in nerve cells. In: The neuron (H. Hyden, ed.), pp. 319–377. Amsterdam-London-New York: Elsevier Publishing Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pickett-Heaps, J. D., 1967: The use of radioautography for investigating wall secretion in plant cells. Protoplasma64, 50–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peyrière, M., 1970: Evolution de l'appareil de Golgi au cours de la tétrasporogenèse deGriffithsia flosculosa (Rhodophycée). C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) Ser. D270, 2071–2074.

    Google Scholar 

  • Preston, R. D., andR. N. Goodman, 1968: Structural aspects of cellulose microfibril biosynthesis. J. Roy. Microscop. Soc.88, 513–527.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramus, J., 1972: The production of extracellular polysaccharide by the unicellular red algaPorphyridium aerugineum. J. Phycol.8, 97–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rawlence, D. J., andA. R. A. Taylor, 1972: A light and electron microscopic study of rhizoid development inPolysiphonia lanosa (L.) Tandy J. Phycol.8, 15–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, E. S., 1963: The use of lead citrate at high pH as an electron-opaque stain in electron microscopy. J. Cell Biol.17, 208.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robards, A. W., 1969: Particles associated with developing plant cell walls. Planta88, 376–379.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, J. L., andP. S. Dixon, 1973: Ultrastructure of tetrasporogenesis in the marine red algaPtilota hypnoides. J. Phycol.9, 29–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Staehelin, A., 1966: Die Ultrastruktur der Zellwand und des Chloroplasten vonChlorella. Z. Zellforsch.74, 325–350.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trump, B. F., andR. E. Bulger, 1965: Effect of cyanide on ultrastructure of isolated nephronsin vitro. Federation Proc.24, 616.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vigil, E. L., 1970: Cytochemical and developmental changes in microbodies (glyoxysomes) and related organelles of castor bean endosperm. J. Cell Biol.46, 435–454.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wooding, F. B. P., 1968: Radioautographic and chemical studies of incorporation into sycamore tissue walls. J. Cell Sci.3, 71–80.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hawkins, E.K. Golgi vesicles of uncommon morphology and wall formation in the red alga,Polysiphonia . Protoplasma 80, 1–14 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01666347

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01666347

Keywords

Navigation