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Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime in patients after liver transplantation

Pharmakokinetik von Cefotaxim bei Patienten nach Lebertransplantation

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Summary

The pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime including formation of its active metabolite desacetyl-cefotaxime were assessed after liver transplantation in three groups of patients (four patients per group):

  • during the postoperative recovery phase (group 1),

  • during an episode of allograft nonfunction (group 2),

  • during an episode of allograft rejection (group 3).

All patients received a single dose of 1 g cefotaxime intravenously. Concentrations of cefotaxime and its metabolite were determined in plasma and urine until 6 to 72 h after medication. The terminal half-life of cefotaxime increased and total clearance decreased due to an impairment of drug metabolism, mainly in patients with a nonfunctioning allograft and during rejection. Thus, no desacetyl-cefotaxime was detectable in urine of any patient and none in plasma of 2/4 patients with a nonfunctioning allograft. In addition, a moderate impairment of renal function in several patients contributed to the delayed elimination of cefotaxime and its metabolite. It can be concluded that liver function after transplantation is correlated with the ability to eliminate cefotaxime. Therefore, administration of half the normal dose is recommended particularly in patients with a nonfunctioning allograft or during rejection.

Zusammenfassung

Die Pharmakokinetik von Cefotaxim sowie die Bildung des aktiven Metaboliten Desacetyl-Cefotaxim wurden in 12 Patienten nach Lebertransplantation untersucht:

  • während der postoperativen Erholungsphase (Gruppe 1),

  • während eines vollständigen Funktionsausfalls des Transplantats (Gruppe 2),

  • während einer Abstoßungsreaktion (Gruppe 3).

Alle Patienten erhielten intravenös einmalig 1 g Cefotaxim; danach wurden die Konzentrationen des Cefotaxim und seines Metaboliten in Plasma und Urin für die Zeitdauer von 6–72 Stunden bestimmt. Aufgrund der verminderten metabolischen Kapazität der Leber war die Halbwertszeit von Cefotaxim verlängert, während die Clearance vermindert war; diese Effekte traten besonders ausgeprägt in den Gruppen 2 und 3 auf. Entsprechend war der Metabolit im Urin bei keinem der Patienten und im Plasma nur bei 2/4 Patienten mit komplettem Funktionsausfall des Transplantats nachweisbar. Zusätzlich war die Elimination des Cefotaxim und seines Metaboliten durch die bei den meisten Patienten gleichzeitig bestehende Einschränkung der Nierenfunktion beeinträchtigt. Aus dieser Studie kann geschlossen werden, daß die Elimination von Cefotaxim bei Patienten nach Lebertransplantation entsprechend dem Grad der Einschränkung der Leberfunktion vermindert ist. Aus diesem Grund wird empfohlen, die Dosis vor allem bei Patienten mit Funktionsausfall des Transplantats oder während einer Abstoßungsreaktion zu halbieren.

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Kuse, E., Vogt, P. & Rosenkranz, B. Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime in patients after liver transplantation. Infection 18, 268–272 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01647000

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01647000

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