Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Morphology of human suprarenal glands: a parameter for comparison

Morphologie des glandes surrénales chez l'homme: critères de comparaison

  • Original Articles
  • Published:
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Forty suprarenal glands were studied, 20 being dissected from aborted fetuses of 9 to 36 weeks' gestation and 20 obtained from human cadavers of ages 1 day to 60 years. All the specimens were from a Northern India population. The side and shape of each suprarenal gland was noted and documented. The length, breadth, thickness and volume of each gland were measured and tabulated in terms of age. The mean length, breadth and thickness in fetuses of 9–36 weeks were found to be 1.4 cm, 1 cm and 0.45 cm respectively. In the postnatal age group the measurements were 4.5 cm, 2.08 cm and 0.66 cm respectively. The commonest shape of the suprarenal glands on left side was semilunar but on the right side it was highly variable: triangular, tetrahedral, inverted Y or V shaped. On comparison of the gross measurements with available ultrasound and CT scan data it was found that both the length and thickness in the population studied were greater than reported in the literature. A knowledge of these variations is very important in diagnosis of abnormalities of the suprarenal gland, of which tumoral enlargement is rather common.

Résumé

40 glandes surrénales ont été étudiées. 20 glandes surrénales provenant de foetus de 9 à 36 semaines de gestation ont été disséqués. 20 autres glandes ont été obtenues à partir de sujets âgés de 1 jour à 60 ans. Tous les sujets sont issus d'une population de l'Inde du nord. Le côté et la configuration de chaque glande surrénale a été noté et documenté. La longueur, la largeur, l'épaisseur et le volume de chaque glande a été mesuré et classé en fonction de l'âge. La longueur moyenne, la largeur et les épaisseurs chez les foetus de neuf à 36 semaines ont été de 1,4 cm, 1 cm et 0,45 cm respectivement. Dans le groupe postnatal (1 jour à 60 ans), les mesures ont été de 4,5, 2,08 et 0,66 cm respectivement. Du côté gauche, la glande surrénale est le plus souvent de forme semi-lunaire et du côté droit la forme est très variable: triangulaire, tétraédrique, en forme de V ou de Y inversé. La comparaison des mesures anatomiques avec les données échographiques et scannographiques ont montré que les mesures de longueur et d'épaisseur dans la population étudiée étaient plus importantes que celles mentionnées dans la littérature. La connaissance de ces variations est importante pour diagnostiquer les anomalies des glandes surrénales qui sont fréquemment le siège de tumeurs et d'hypertrophies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Abrams HL, Siegelman SS, Adams DF, et al. (1982) Computed tomography versus ultrasound of the adrenal gland; a prospective study Radiology 143: 121–128

    Google Scholar 

  2. Brownlie K, Kreel L (1978) Computer assisted tomography of normal suprarenal glands. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2: 1–10

    Google Scholar 

  3. Cormack DH (1987) The endocine system. In: Ham's histology, 9th ed Lippincott, Philadelphia, pp 606–613

    Google Scholar 

  4. Gunther RW, Kelbel C, Lenner V (1984) Real time ultrasound of normal adrenal glands and small tumors. J Clin ultrasound 12: 211–217

    Google Scholar 

  5. Hamilton WJ, Mossman HW (1972) Nervous system. In Human embryology 4th ed William & Wilkins, Baltimore pp 518–519

    Google Scholar 

  6. Kangarloo H, Diament MJ, Gold RH, Barrett C, Lippe B, Geffner M, Boechat MI, Dietrich RB, Amundson GM (1986) J Clin Ultrasound 14: 43–47

    Google Scholar 

  7. Keene MFL, Hewer, EE (1927) Development of human suprarenal gland. J Anat 61: 302–324.

    Google Scholar 

  8. McIntosh AD (1960) The human fetal adrenal: A morphological and histochemical study with comment on problem of functions. Scot Med J5: 242–249

    Google Scholar 

  9. Mitty HA, Nicolis GL, Gabrilovh JL (1973) Adrenal venography: clinical — roentgenographic correlation in 80 patients. Am J Radiol 119: 564–575

    Google Scholar 

  10. Montagne JP, Kressel HY, KorobKin M, Moss AA (1978) Computed tomography of the normal adrenal glands. Am J Radiol 130: 963–966

    Google Scholar 

  11. Oppenheimer DA, Carroll BA, Yousem S (1983) Sonography of the normal neonatal adrenal gland. Radiology 146: 157–160

    Google Scholar 

  12. Pertsemlidis D, Gitlon SE (1978) Diagnosis of pheochromocytoma by computed axial tomography scan and other methods. N Engl J Med 299: 1469

    Google Scholar 

  13. Sample WF (1978) Adrenal ultrasonography. Radiology 127: 461–466

    Google Scholar 

  14. Sénécail B, Colin D, Person H, Vallée B Lefèvre C (1994) The “anatomic view” of the suprarenals in medical imaging. Surg Radiol Anat 16: 211–214

    Google Scholar 

  15. Sheedy PF II, Stephens DH, Hattery RR, Brown LR, McCarty RL (1979) Computed tomography of the abdominal organs. Adv Intern Med 24: 455–479

    Google Scholar 

  16. Swinyard CA (1940) Volume and cortico-medullary ratio of adult human suprarenal gland. Anat Rec 76: 69–70

    Google Scholar 

  17. Swinyard CA (1943) Growth of human suprarenal glands. Anat Rec 82: 96–98

    Google Scholar 

  18. Thomas JL, Bernardino E, Samaan A, Hickey C (1980) CT of Pheochromocytoma. Am J Radiol 135: 477–481

    Google Scholar 

  19. Yeh HC, Mitty HA, Rose J, Wolf BS, Gabrilove JL (1978) Ultrasonography of adrenal masses: unusual manifestations Radiology 127: pp 475–483

    Google Scholar 

  20. Yeh HC, Mitty HA, Rose J, Wolf BS, Gabrilove JL (1978) Ultrasonography of adrenal masses: usual features. Radiology 127: 467–474

    Google Scholar 

  21. Yeh HC (1980) Sonography of the adrenal glands. Am J Radiol 135: 1167–1177

    Google Scholar 

  22. William PL, Bannister LH, Berry MM, Collins P, Dyasn M, Dusseck JF, Ferguson MWJ (1995) Endocrine system. In: Gray's anatomy, 38th ed Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 1900–1905

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Anand, M.K., Anand, C., Choudhry, R. et al. Morphology of human suprarenal glands: a parameter for comparison. Surg Radiol Anat 20, 345–349 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01630619

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01630619

Key words

Navigation