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Diabetic neuropathy. An experimental study in alloxanised rats, with special reference to insulin therapy

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Riassunto

Nervi sciatici isolati da 21 ratti albini maschi con diabete da allossana e da 6 animali di controllo sono stati studiati dal punto di vista istopatologico dopo un periodo di iperglicemia della durata di 4–6 mesi. Degli animali diabetici, 9 non erano trattati con insulina, mentre i rimanenti 12 ricevevano una dose di 2,5 U/die dell'ormone. In entrambi i gruppi era presente, al 4° mese, lieve degenerazione mielinica; al 5°–6° mese, nel gruppo dei ratti diabetici non trattati con insulina la degenerazione mielinica e del cilindrasse era significativamente più grave che in quello degli animali trattati. I vasi sanguigni intraneurali erano essenzialmente normali in tutti gli animali.

Résumé

Des nerfs sciatiques isolés de 21 rats albinois mâles atteints de diabète alloxane et de 6 animaux d'essai ont fait l'objet d'une étude au point de vue histopathologique après une période d'hyperglycémie durant 4 à 6 mois. Des animaux atteints du diabète, 9 n'avaient pas été traités avec insuline, tandis que les douze autres reçevaient une dose de 2,5 U/die de l'hormone. Dans les deux groupes, une légère dégénération myélenique se manifestait après le 4ème mois; au 5e–6e mois, le groupe des rats atteints de diabète n'ayant pas été traité avec insuline présentait une dégénération myélenique et du cylindraxe bien plus graves que dans le groupe des animaux traités. Les vaisseaux du sang intraneuraux étaient essentiellement normaux chez tous les animaux.

Resumen

Se han estudiado desde el punto de vista histopatológico, tras un periodo de hiperglucemia de la duración de 4 a 6 meses, los nervios ciáticos aislados de 21 ratas blancas macho, afectas de diabetes de aloxina y de 6 animales de control. De los animales diabéticos 9 fueron tratados con insulina, mientras que los remanentes 12 recibiían una dosis de 2,5 unidades diarias del hormón. En ambos grupos, al 4° mes, se podía observar una leve degeneración mielínica; al 5°–6° mes, en el grupo de ratas diabéticass no tratadas con insulina, la degeneración mielínica y del cilindroeje era significativamente más grave que en los animales no tratados. Los vasos sanguíneos intraneurales esencialmente eran normales en todos los animales.

Zusammenfassung

Bei 21 alloxan-diabetischen männlichen Albinoratten und 6 Kontrolltieren wurde der Nervus ischiadicus nach 4–6 Monaten Hyperglykämie histopathologisch untersucht. Bei 9 diabetischen Ratten bestand Stoffwechselentgleisung, während die restlichen 12 täglich 2,5 E Insulin erhielten. Nach 4 Monaten zeigten beide Gruppen eine leichte Myelindegeneration, aber nach 5 und 6 Monaten hatten die unbehandelten Tiere eine signifikant schwerere Myelin- und Achsenzylinder-degeneration entwickelt als die insulinisierte Gruppe. Die intraneuralen Blutgefässe waren bei allen Tieren praktisch normal. Es wird die Rolle der Dauer und des Schweregrades der Blutzucker-erhöhung besprochen, besonders im Hinblick auf die Schutzwirkung einer frühzeitigen Insulintherapie gegenüber der Nervenläsion.

Summary

Sciatic nerves from 21 alloxan diabetic male albino rats and 6 control animals have been studied histopathologically after 4–6 months' hyperglycemia. Nine of the diabetic animals were uncontrolled, while the remaining 12 rats received 2.5 U insulin daily. Both groups showed a mild degree of myelin degeneration at 4 months, but at 5 and 6 months the uncontrolled diabetic group developed a significantly more severe degree of myelin and axis-cylinder degeneration than the insulin-treated group. The intraneural blood vessels were essentially normal in all animals. The role of duration and severity of hyperglycemia, with particular reference to the protective effect of early insulin therapy on nerve lesions, is discussed.

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Sahgal, V.K., Ahuja, M.M.S., Roy, S. et al. Diabetic neuropathy. An experimental study in alloxanised rats, with special reference to insulin therapy. Acta diabet. lat 9, 983–1006 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01564595

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