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Enhanced response to tolbutamide in uremia

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Riassunto

Per ridurre al minimo gli effetti di eventuali errori metodologici, le risposte dei pazienti uremici alla somministrazione orale di glucosio e a quella i.v. di tolbutamide sono state valutate in termini di incrementi e decrementi della glicemia e dell'insulinemia. Dopo somministrazione orale di glucosio si osservano, nei pazienti uremici, maggiori incrementi della glicemia. Gli incrementi dell'insulinemia sono invece, in queste stesse condizioni, uguali a quelli dei controlli sani, ma non proporzionati all'aumento dei livelli glicemici. Tale reperto è indicativo di una oscillazione o di un indebolimento della risposta insulinemica all'iperglicemia. Nell'uremia, la somministrazione i.v. di tolbutamide provoca generalmente maggiori incrementi insulinemici e maggiori decrementi glicemici. I pazienti uremici tendono ad avere più elevati livelli sierici di ormone della crescita, sia prima che nel corso del test orale di tolleranza al glucosio.

Résumé

Dans le but de réduire au minimum les effets d'éventuelles erreus méthodologiques, l'évaluation des réponses des patients urémiques à l'administration orale de glucose et à celle intraveineuse de tolbutamide a été effectuée sur la base de l'augmentation ou de la diminution de la glycémie et de l'insulinémie. En effet les patients urémiques présentent une augmentation supérieure de la glycémie après administration orale de glucose. Dans les mêmes conditions l'augmentation de l'insulinémie est au contraire égale à celle des patients sains, tout en n'ayant aucune proportion avec l'augmentation des niveaux glycémiques. Cela démontre une oscillation ou un affaiblissement de la réponse insulinémique à l'hyperglycémie. Dans l'urémie, l'administration intraveineuse de tolbutamide provoque généralement une plus forte augmentation insulinémique et une plus forte diminution glycémique. Les patients urémiques tendent à avoir des niveaux sériques de l'hormone de la croissance plus élevés, soit avant que pendant le test oral de tolérance au glucose.

Resumen

Para reducir todo lo posible los efectos de los eventuales errores metodológicos, se han valorado en términos de incrementos y disminuciones de la glicemia y de la insulinemia, las reacciones de pacientes urémicos al suministro oral de glucosa y de tolbutamida i.v. Tras suministro oral de glucosa, en los pacientes urémicos se observan incrementos mayores de la glicemia. Los incrementos de la insulinemia, en cambio, en esas misma condiciones, coinciden con los de los controles sanos, pero no guardan proporción con el aumento de los niveles glicémicos. Dicha pericia indica una oscilación o una debilitación de la reacción insulinémica a la hiperglicemia. En la uremia, el suministro i.v. de tolbutamida, generalmente provoca incrementos insulinémicos mayores y disminuciones glicémicas más intensas. Los pacientes urémicos tienden a presentar niveles serosos de hormón del crecimiento más altos, tanto antes como durante el test oral de tolerancia a la glucosa.

Zusammenfassung

In der Absicht methodologische Artefakte auf ein Minimum zu reduzieren wurden die Reaktionen urämischer Patienten auf orale Glukoseverabreichung und intravenöses Tolbutamid auf Grund der Zunahme und Abnahme des Blutzuckers und des Insulinspiegels beurteilt. Bei urämischen Patienten tritt infolge oraler Kohlehydratbelastung ein stärkerer Anstieg des Blutzuckers auf; dagegen ist der Anstieg des Insulinspiegels nach oraler Glukosebelastung dem bei gesunden Kontrollpersonen gleich und ist daher nicht dem Anstieg des Blutzuckers proportionell. Daraus geht eine Schwankung und Verminderung der Insulinreaktion auf Hyperglykämie hervor. Bei Urämie bewirkt die i.v. Verabreichung von Tolbutamid gewöhnlich einen stärkeren Anstieg des Insulinspiegels und einen stärkeren Abfall des Blutzuckers. Urämische Patienten neigen zu höheren Wachstumshormonspiegeln sowohl vor als während des oralen Glukosebelastungstests.

Summary

To minimize methodologic artefacts, the responses of uremic patients to oral carbohydrate and to i.v. tolbutamide were evaluated in terms of increments and decrements in blood glucose and serum insulin. Uremic patients develop greater increments in blood glucose following oral carbohydrate. However, their insulin increments after oral glucose equal those of healthy controls but are not proportional to the rise in blood glucose. This indicates a flagging or waning of insulin levels relative to the hyperglycemia. In uremia i.v. tolbutamide generally produces greater increments in serum insulin and greater decrements in blood glucose. Uremic patients tend to have higher levels of serum growth hormone prior to and during oral glucose tolerance tests.

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Gonzalez, A.R., Khurana, R.C., Jung, Y. et al. Enhanced response to tolbutamide in uremia. Acta diabet. lat 9, 373–386 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01564560

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