Summary
An indirect immunoperoxidase technique has been used to determine the localization of type I hexokinase in a wide variety of Carnoy-fixed, paraffin-embedded rat tissues. The results suggest that the widespread tissue distribution of the isoenzyme is due to its ubiquitous localization in the nervous, smooth muscle and epithelial components of each tissue. The majority of the immunostaining was confined to cells with substantial energy requirements which are probably mainly satisfied through the breakdown of glucose. This observation is consistent with the known predominance of type I hexokinase in the central nervous system and with the regulatory role allotted to it in this tissue.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abodeely, D. A. &Lee, J. B. (1971) Fuel of respiration of outer renal medulla.Am. J. Physiol. 220, 1693–700.
Allen, M. B., Brockelbank, J. L. &Walker, D. G. (1980) Apparent ‘glucokinase’ activity in non-hepatic tissues due toN-acetyl-d-glucosamine kinase.Biochim. biophys. Acta 614, 357–66.
Chenderovitch, J. (1972) Secretory function of the rabbit common bile duct.Am. J. Physiol. 223, 695–706.
Cohen, J. J. (1979) Is the function of the renal papilla coupled exclusively to an anaerobic pattern of metabolismAm. J. Physiol. 236, F423–33.
De Pont, J. J. H. H. M., Jansen, J. W. C. M., Kuijpers, G. A. J. &Bonting, S. L. (1982) A model for pancreatic fluid secretion. InElectrolyte and Water Transport Across Gastrointestinal Epithelia (edited byCase, R. M., Garner, A., Turnberg, L. A. andYoung, J. A.) pp. 11–20. New York: Raven Press.
Grossbard, L. &Schimke, R. T. (1966) Multiple hexokinases of rat tissues: purification and comparison of soluble forms.J. biol. Chem. 241, 3546–60.
Ham, A. W. (1974a) Epithelial tissue (epithelium). InHistology, 7th edn, pp. 186–204. Philadelphia: Lippincott.
Ham, A. W. (1974b) The digestive system. InHistology, 7th edn, pp. 625–80. Philadelphia: Lippincott.
Katzen, H. M. &Schimke, R. T. (1965) Multiple forms of hexokinase in the rat: tissue distribution, age dependency and properties.Proc. Natn. Acad. Sci. USA 54, 1218–25.
Katzen, H. M., Soderman, D. D. &Cirillo, V. J. (1968) Tissue distribution and physiological significance of multiple forms of hexokinase.Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 151, 351–8.
Koushanpour, E. (1976) Mechanism of concentration and dilution of urine. InRenal Physiology: Principles and Functions, pp. 315–86. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.
Lawrence, G. M. &Trayer, I. P. (1984) Histochemical and immunohistochemical localisation of hexokinase isoenzymes in rat kidney.Histochem. J. 16, 697–708.
Lawrence, G. M., Walker, D. G. &Trayer, I. P. (1983) Antigenic cross-reactivities between hexokinase isoenzymes.Biochim. biophys. Acta 743, 219–25.
Lawrence, G. M., Trayer, I. P. &Walker, D. G. (1984) Histochemical and immunohistochemical localisation of hexokinase isoenzymes in normal rat liver.Histochem. J. 16, 1099–111.
Lowry, O. H., Passonneau, J. V., Hasselberger, F. X. &Schulz, D. W. (1964) Effect of ischemia on known substrates and co-factors of the glycolytic pathway in brain.J. biol. Chem. 239, 18–30.
Lundholm, L., Andersson, R. G. G., Arnqvist, H. J. &Mohme-Lundholm, E. (1977) Glycolysis and glycogenesis in smooth muscle. InThe Biochemistry of Smooth Muscle (edited byStephens, N. L.) pp. 159–207. Baltimore, London, Tokyo: University Park Press.
Maker, S., Clarke, D. D. &Lajtha, A. (1976) Intermediary metabolism of carbohydrate and amino acids. InBasic Neurochemistry 2nd edn. (edited bySiegel, G. J., Albers, R. W., Katzman, R. andAgranoff, B. W.) pp. 279–307 Boston: Little-Brown.
Nadel, J. A., Davis, B. &Phipps, R. J. (1979) Control of mucous secretion and ion transport in airways.A. Rev. Physiol. 41, 369–81.
Purich, D. L. &Fromm, H. J. (1971) The kinetics and regulation of rat brain hexokinase.J. biol. Chem. 246, 3456–63.
Reichen, J. &Paumgartner, G. (1980) Excretory function of the liver. InLiver and Biliary Tract Physiology I.International Review of Physiology 21 (edited byJavitt, N. B.), pp. 103–150. Baltimore: University Park Press.
Salotra, P. T. &Singh, V. N. (1982) Regulation of glucose metabolism in rat lung: subcellular distribution, isoenzyme pattern and kinetic properties of hexokinase.Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 216, 758–64.
Schultz, I. &Terreros-Aranguren, D. (1982) Sidedness of transport steps involved in pancreatic HCO3 secretion. InElectrolyte and Water Transport Across Gastrointestinal Epithelia (edited byCase, M. R., Garner, A., Turnberg, L. A. andYoung, J. A.) pp. 143–156. New York: Raven Press.
Sokoloff, L. (1976) Circulation and energy metabolism of the brain. InBasic Neurochemistry 2nd edn. (edited bySiegel, G. J., Albers, R. W., Katzman, R. andAgranoff, B. W.) pp. 388–413 Boston: Little-Brown.
Stocchi, V., Magnani, M., Canestrari, F., Dactra, M. &Fornaini, G. (1982) Multiple forms of human red blood cell hexokinase: preparation, characterisation and age dependence.J. biol. Chem. 257, 2357–64.
Strasberg, S. M., Ilson, R. G. &Siminovitch, K. A. (1975) Analysis of the components of bile flow in the rhesus monkey.Am. J. Physiol. 228, 115–21.
Tierney, D. F. (1974) Lung metabolism and biochemistry.A. Rev. Physiol. 36, 209–31.
Ureta, T. (1975) Phylogeny, ontogeny and properties of the hexokinases from vertebrates. InIsozymes Vol. III.Developmental Biology (edited byMarkert, C. L.) pp. 575–601. New York: Academic Press.
Weinstein, S. W. &Szyjewicz, J. (1974) Individual nephron function and renal oxygen consumption in the rat.Am. J. Physiol. 227, 171–77.
Wilkin, G. P. &Wilson, J. E. (1977) Localisation of hexokinase in neural tissue: light microscope studies with immunofluorescence and histochemical procedures.J. Neurochem. 29, 1039–51.
Wilson, J. E. (1968) Brain hexokinase: a proposed relation between soluble-particulate distribution and activityin vivo.J. biol. Chem. 243, 3640–7.
Wilson, J. E. (1980) Brain hexokinase: the prototype ambiquitous enzyme. InCurrent Topics in Cellular Regulation, Vol. 16 (edited byHorecker, B. L. andStadtman, E. R.) pp. 1–54. New York: Academic Press.
Wilson, M. B. &Nakane, P. K. (1978) InImmunofluorescence and related staining techinques (edited byKnapp, W., Holubar, K. andWick, G.) p. 215. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North Holland Biochemical Press.
Young, J. A. &Van Lennep, E. W. (1979) Transport in salivary and salt glands. InMembrane Transport in Biology, Vol. IVB.Transport Organs (edited byGiebisch, G., Tosteson, D. C. andUssing, H. H.) pp. 563–674. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lawrence, G.M., Walker, D.G. & Trayer, I.P. The ubiquitous localization of type I hexokinase in rat peripheral nerves, smooth muscle cells and epithelial cells. Histochem J 16, 1113–1123 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01002898
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01002898