Summary
This study was performed on 13 professional race-cyclists to examine changes in sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and serum lipid concentrations after training and after competition. While SHBG, total cholesterol and phospholipids increased and free fatty acids (FFA) decreased significantly during training, HDL-C and FFA increased and SHBG and triglycerides (TG) decreased significantly during the competition period. These latter changes in serum lipids and lipoproteins were assumed to be a direct effect of utilisation of muscle and plasma TG as fuels for exertion occurring only in extreme exercise. Changes in SHBG concentrations indicated that they were dependent on the conditions of the physical effort and could be related not only to the concentrations of androgens but also to the reduction in body mass.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alen M, Häkkinen K (1987) androgenic steroid effects on serum hormones and on maximal force development in strength athletes. J Sports Med 27:38–46
anderson DC (1974) Sex hormone binding globulin. Clin Endocrinol 3:69–96
Caballero MJ, Mallol J (1987) Physiopathological role of baldscalp cytosolic proteins. Rev Esp Fisiol 43:229–238
Carlström K, Eriksson A, Stege R, Rannevik G (1990) Relationship between serum testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin in adult men with intact or absent gonadal function. Int J androl 13:67–73
Dunn JF, Nisula BC, Rodbarb D (1981) Transport of steroid hormones: binding of 21 endogeneous steroids to both testosterone-binding globulin and corticosteroid-binding globulin in human plasma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 53:58–68
Goldberg L, Elliot DL (1987) The effect of exercise on lipid metabolism in men and women. Sports Med 4:307–321
Häkkinen K, Pakarinen A, Alén M, Kauhanen H, Komi PV (1988) Neuromuscular and hormonal responses in elite athletes to two successive strength training sessions in one day. Eur J Appl Physiol 57:133–139
Häkkinen K, Pakarinen A, Kyröläinen H, Cheng S, Kim DH, Komi PV (1990) Neuromuscular adaptations and serum hormones in females during prolonged power training. Int J Sports Med 11:91–98
Hämäläinen E, Adlercreutz H, Ehnholm C, Puska P (1986) Relationship of lipoproteins and apoliproteins to sex hormones and to the binding capacity of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in healthy Finnish men. Metabolism 35:535–541
Hämäläinen E, Tikkanen H, Härkönen M, Näveri H, Adlercreutz A (1987) Serum lipoproteins, sex hormones and sex hormone binding globulin in middle-aged men of different physical fitness and risk of coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis 67:155–162
Houmard JA, Costill DL, Mitchell JB, Park SH, Fink WJ, Burns JM (1990) Testosterone, cortisol and creatine kinase levels in male distance runners during reduced training. Int J Sports Med 11:41–45
Hryb DJ, Khan MS, Rosner W (1985) Testosterone-estradiol binding globulin binds to human prostatic cell membranes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 128:432–440
Hryb DJ, Khan MS, Romas NA, Rosner W (1989) Solubilization and partial purification of the sex hormone-binding globulin receptor from human prostate. J Biol Chem 264:5378–5383
Hryb DJ, Khan MS, Romas NA, Rosner W (1990) The control of the interaction of sex hormone-binding globulin with its receptor by steroid hormones. J Biol Chem 265:6048–6054
Karvonen J, Peltola E, Saarela J, Nieminen MM (1990) Changes in running speed, blood lactic acid concentration and hormone balance during sprint training performed at an altitude of 1860 metres. J Sports Med 30:122–126
Lakey EA, Tran ZV (1989) Effects of exercise training on serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in women: a meta-analysis. Int J Sports Med 10:424–429
Leszczynski DE, Kokatnur MG, Kummerow FA (1987) Serum sex hormone binding globulin and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in male patients at risk for coronary heart disease. Med Sci Res 15:575–576
Masarei JRL, Armstrong BK, Skinner MW, Ratajczak T, Hahnel R, Crooke D, Clarke HT (1980) HDL-cholesterol and sexhormone status. Lancet 1:208
Mena P, Maynar M, Gutiérrez JM, Campillo JE (1989) Plasma lipids and lipoperoxidation in professional cycle racers. Pflügers Arch 414:6
Plymate SR, Tenover JS, Bremmer WJ (1989) Circadian variation in testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin and calculated non-sex hormone-binding globulin bound testosterone in healthy young and elderly men. J androl 10:366–371
Rosner W (1990) The functions of corticosteroid-binding globulin and sex hormone-binding globulin: recent advances. Endocr Rev 11:80–91
Soler JT, Folsom AR, Kaye SA, Prineas RJ (1989) Associations of abdominal adiposity, fasting insulin, sex hormone binding globulin and estrone with lipids and lipoproteins in postmenopausal women. Atherosclerosis 79:21–27
Tegelman R, Johansson C, Hemmingsson P, Eköl R, Carlström K, Pousette A (1990) Endogeneous anabolic and catabolic steroid hormones in male and female athletes during off season. Int J Sports Med 11:103–106
Thompson PD, Culliname E, Eshleman R, Kantor MA, Herbert PN (1984) The effect of high-carbohydrate and high-fat diets on serum lipid and lipoprotein concentration of endurance athletes. Metabolism 33:1003–1010
Urhausen A, Kindermann W (1987) Behaviour of testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and cortisol before and after a triathlon competition. Int J Sports Med 8:305–308
Von Schoultz B, Carlström K (1989) On the regulation of sex-hormone-binding globulin. A challenge of an old dogma and outlines of an alternative mechanism. J Steroid Biochem 32:327–334
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Caballero, M.J., Mena, P. & Maynar, M. Changes in sex hormone binding globulin, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and plasma lipids in male cyclists during training and competition. Europ. J. Appl. Physiol. 64, 9–13 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00376432
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00376432