Abstract
The precise effects of fructose feeding on adipose tissue is not clearly known. Consequently, we studied the effects of fructose feeding on stimulated and inhibited in vitro lipolysis. Twenty seven male Sprague Dawley rats, 5 weeks of age, were fed for 6 weeks on one of three diets containing 57% CHO as fructose (F), dextrose (D) or starch (S). At week 6 the epididymal fat pad weights showed no difference between groups. Stimulation of lipolysis by isoproterenol or theophylline showed: decreased sensitivity of adipocytes to isoproterenol, but not to theophylline, in F (p < 0.05); the maximal responses were decreased, but NS, after stimulation by either isoproterenol or theophylline. The maximal antilipolytic responses to insulin were increased in F (27%) and D (29%) when compared to S (16%), (p < 0.05). Only, in F there was an increase (NS) in ED50() (0.63 ± 0.23 ng/ml) compared to D (0.45 ± 0.18) and S (0.29 ±0.18), indicating decreased sensitivity. Nonfasting plasma insulin and triglycerides were increased at the 6th week in F (p < 0,01), without any change in plasma glucose levels. However, there was no difference in 12 h fasting plasma glucose, insulin or triglycerides.
In conclusion, a 6 week 57% fructose containing diet in normal rats led to: 1) decreased lipid mobilization in the epididymal adipose tissue; and 2) increased nonfasting plasma insulin and triglycerides. Thus fructose, under these experimental conditions, seems to have adverse metabolic effects in normal rats.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Rizkalla SW, Helal I, Boillot J, Fontvieille AM, Laromiguiere M, Desplanque N, Bruzzo F, Tchobroutsky G, Slama G: Comparative metabolic effects of 10 week feeding of starch, glucose, fructose in normal rats. In: Insulin and the Cell Membrane. I KlimesBV Howard and CR Kahn (eds.) Gorden and Breach Science Publishers, New York, 1990, pp 432–450
Blakely SR, Akintilo AO, Pointer RH: Effects of fructose, levamisole and vanadate on insulin action in rat adipose tissue. J Nutr 117:559–566,1987
Carmona A, Freedland RA: Comparison among the lipogenic potential of various substrates in rat hepatocytes: The differential effects of fructose-containing diets on hepatic lipogenesis. J Nutr 119:1304–1310, 1989
Rodbell MJ: Metabolism of isolated fat cells. I. Effects of hormones on glucose metabolism and lipolysis. J Biol Chem 239: 375–380, 1964
Lavau M, Susini C, Knittle J, Blanchet-Hirst S, Greenwood MRC: A reliable photomicrographic method for determining fat cell size and number: application for dietary obesity. Proc Soc Exp Biol 156: 251–261, 1977
Arner P, Bolinder J, Hellmer J, Engfeldt P: Studies on human fat cell metabolism in small adipose tissue samples. In: WL Clarke, J Larner SL Pohl (eds.) Methods in Diabetes Research: Clinical Methods. Wiley Interscience, New York, 1986, vol 2, pp 234–255
Thorburn AW, Storlien LH, Jenkins AB, Khouri S, Kraegen EW: Fructose-induced in vitro insulin resistance and elevated plasma triglyceride level in rats. Am J Clin Nutr 49: 1155–1163, 1989
Tobey TA, Mondon CE, Zavaroni I, Reaven GM: Mechanism of insulin resistance in fructose-fed rats. Metabolism 31: 608–612, 1982
Vrana A, Kazdova L: Insulin sensitivity of rat adipose tissue and of diaphragm in vitro: Effects of the type of dietary carbohydrate (starch-sucrose). Life Sci 9: 257–265, 1970
Jeffcoate SL, Moody AJ: The role of the liver in the disposal of orally administered 14C-glucose in the normal rat. Diabetologia 5: 293–299, 1969
Kelly KL, Mato JM, Merida I, Jarett L: Glucose transport and antilipolysis are differentially regulated by the polar head group of an insulin-sensitive glycophospholipid. Proc Nall Acad Sci USA, 84: 6404–6412, 1987
Olefsky JM, Saekow M: The effects of dietary carbohydrate content on insulin binding and glucose metabolism in isolated rat adipocytes. Endocrinol 103: 2252–2263, 1978
Braun T, Fabry P: Adaptation to the pattern of food intake: Changes in adipose tissue. Advanc Enzym Regulat 7: 49–55, 1968
Moussali C, Dawns RW, May JM: Potentiation by glucose of lipolytic responsiveness of human adipocytes. Diabetes 35: 759–763, 1986
Smith U, Cahlin E, Scherstén: Sucrose feeding in man. Effects on lipolysis and antilipolytic action of insulin in the adipose tissue. Acta Med Scand 194: 147–150, 1973
Vrana A, Fabry P, Kazdova L: Effect of dietary fructose on fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissue and on triglyceride concentration in blood in the rat. Nutr Metabol 15: 305–313, 1973
Topping DL, Mayes PA: The concentration of fructose, glucose and lactate in the splanchnic blood vessels of rats absorbing fructose. Nutr Metabol 13: 331–336, 1971
Salans LB, Dougherty JW: The effect of insulin upon glucose metabolism by adipose cells of different size. J Clin Invest 50: 1399–1410, 1971
Jacobsson B, Smith U: Effect of cell size on lipolysis and antilipolytic action of insulin in human fat cells. J Lipid Res 13: 651–656, 1972
Koopmans SJ, Sips HCM, Bosman J, Radder JK, Krans HMJ: Antilipolytic action of insulin in adipocytes from starved and diabetic rats during adenosine-controlled incubations. Endocrinology 125: 3044–3050, 1989
Smith CJ, Manganiello VC: Role of hormone-sensitive low Km cAMP phosphoodiesterase in regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase and lipolysis in rat adipocytes. Mol Pharmacol 35: 381–386, 1989
Johnson PR, Miller TB Jr: Adverse effects of fructose in perfused liver of diabetic rats. Metabolism 31: 121–125, 1982
Miller TB Jr: Cyclic AMP-mediated activation of hepatic glycogenolysis by fructose. Biochem Biophys Acta 540: 151–161, 1978
Zavaroni I, Chen Y-D I, Reaven GM: Studies of the mechanism of fructose-induced hypertriglyceridemia in the rat. Metabolism 31: 1077–1083, 1982
Koh ET, Muller J, Oseli O, Knehans A, Reiser S: Effects of fructose feeding on lipid parameters in obese and lean, diabetic and nondiabetic Zucker rats. J Nutr 115: 1274–1284, 1985
Kazumi T, Vranic M, Steiner G: Triglyceride kinetics: effects of dietary glucose, sucrose, or fructose alone or with hyperinsulinemia. Am J Physiol 250 (Endocrinol Metab 13): E325-E330, 1986
Topping DL, Mayes PA: The immediate effects of insulin and fructose on the metabolism of the perfused liver. Biochem J 126: 295–311, 1972
Reiser S, Powell AS, Yang Cy, Canary JJ: An insulinogenic effect of oral fructose in humans during postprandial hyperglycemia. Am J Clin Nutr 45: 580–587, 1987
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rizkalla, S.W., Luo, J., Guilhem, I. et al. Comparative effects of 6 week fructose, dextrose and starch feeding on fat-cell lipolysis in normal rats: effects of isoproterenol, theophylline and insulin. Mol Cell Biochem 109, 127–132 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00229766
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00229766