References
Clark D R, Kroll J C (1977) Effects of DDE on experimental poisoned free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis): lethal brain concentrations. J Toxicol Environ Hlth 3: 893–901.
Clark D R, La Val R K, Swineford D M (1978) Dieldrin-induced mortality in an endangered species, the gray bat (Myotis grisescens) Science 199: 1357–1359.
Clark D R, Kunz T H, Kaiser T H (1978) Insecticides applied to a nursey colony of little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus): lethal concentrations in brain tissues. J Mammal 59: 84–91.
Clark D R (1981b) Death in bats from DDE, DDT or dieldrin: diagnosis via residues in carcass fat. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 26: 367–374.
Clark D R, Stafford C J (1981) Effects of DDE and PCB (Arochlor 1260) on experimentally poisoned female little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus): lethal brain concentrations. J Toxicol Environ Health 7: 925–934.
Geluso K N, Altenbach J S, Wilson D E (1976) Bat mortality: pesticide poisoning and migratory stress. Science 194: 184–186.
Frank H, Nagel A, Weigold H (1980) Bestandsentwicklung der in Höhlen überwinternden Fledermaüse auf der Schwäbischen Alb. Die Höhle 31:111–116.
González 877–01 J, Fernández M A, Hernández L M (1991) Levels of chlorinated insecticides, total PCBs and PCB congeners in Spanish gull eggs. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 20: 343–348.
Hernández L M, González 877–02 J, Rico 877–03 C, Fernández M A, Aranda A (1988) Organochlorine and heavy metal residues in Falconiforme and Ciconiforme eggs (Spain). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 40: 86–93.
ICONA (1986) Lista Roja de los vertebrados en Espana Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Madrid, p 222.
Jefferies D J (1976) Organochlorine insecticide residues in british bats and their significance. J Zool 166:245–263.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hernández, L.M., Ibáñez, C., Fernández, M.A. et al. Organochlorine insecticide and PCB residues in two bat species from four localities in Spain. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 50, 871–877 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00209952
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00209952