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Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Pleosporaceae

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Abstract

The family Pleosporaceae includes numerous saprobic, opportunistic human, and plant pathogenic taxa. The classification of genera and species Pleosporaceae has been a major challenge due to the lack of a clear understanding of the importance of the morphological characters used to distinguish taxa as well as the lack of reference strains. Recent treatments concluded that Pleospora and some other genera in Pleosporaceae are likely polyphyletic. In order to establish the evolutionary relationships and to resolve the polyphyletic nature of Pleospora and allied genera, we sequenced the 18S nrDNA, 28S nrDNA, ITS, GAPDH, RPB2 and TEF1-alpha gene regions of Pleosporaceae species and phylogenetically analysed this data. Multigene phylogenies strongly support the monophyletic nature of Pleosporaceae among the other families in Pleosporales, and the acceptance of the genera Alternaria, Bipolaris, Clathrospora, Comoclathris, Curvularia, Dactuliophora, Decorospora, Diademosa, Exserohilum, Extrawettsteinina, Gibbago, Neocamarosporium, Paradendryphiella, Platysporoides, Pleospora, Porocercospora, Pseudoyuconia and Pyrenophora. Austropleospora, Dendryphion, Edenia and Macrospora are excluded from the family based on morphology coupled with molecular data. Two novel species, Alternaria murispora in this paper and Comoclathris sedi are introduced. The sexual morph of Alternaria alternata is re-described and illustrated using modern concepts from fresh collections. The paraphyletic nature of Pleospora is resolved based on the available morpho-molecular data, but further sampling with fresh collections, reference or ex-type strains and molecular data are needed to obtain a natural classification of genera and the family.

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Acknowledgments

MFLU grant number 56101020032 is thanked for supporting studies on Dothideomycetes. We are grateful to the Mushroom Research Foundation, Chiang Rai, Thailand for supporting studies on Dothideomycetes. Kevin D. Hyde thanks the Chinese Academy of Sciences, project number 2013T2S0030, for the award of Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists at Kunming Institute of Botany. Jian-Chu Xu and Peter E Mortimer would like to thank Humidtropics, a CGIAR Research Program that aims to develop new opportunities for improved livelihoods in a sustainable environment, for partially funding this work. H.A Ariyawansa and J.C. Kang are grateful to the agricultural science and technology foundation of Guizhou province (Nos. NY[2013]3042 ), the international collaboration plan of Guizhou province (No. G [2012]7006) and the innovation team construction for science and technology of Guizhou province (No. [2012]4007) from the Science and Technology Department of Guizhou province, China. Hiran Ariyawansa is grateful to A.D Ariyawansa, D.M.K Ariyawansa and Dhanuska Udayanga for their valuable suggestions. E.B. Gareth Jones is supported by the Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program (DSFP), King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People’s Republic of China

    Hiran A. Ariyawansa & Kevin D. Hyde

  2. World Agroforestry Centre, East Asia and Central, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, People’s Republic of China

    Hiran A. Ariyawansa & Kevin D. Hyde

  3. The Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China

    Hiran A. Ariyawansa & Ji-Chuan Kang

  4. School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand

    Hiran A. Ariyawansa, Kasun M. Thambugala, Dimuthu S. Manamgoda, Ruvishika Jayawardena, Erio Camporesi, Saranyaphat Boonmee, Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe, R. Phookamsak, Singang Hongsanan, Chonticha Singtripop, Ekachai Chukeatirote & Kevin D. Hyde

  5. Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand

    Hiran A. Ariyawansa, Kasun M. Thambugala, Dimuthu S. Manamgoda, Ruvishika Jayawardena, Erio Camporesi, Saranyaphat Boonmee, Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe, R. Phookamsak, Singang Hongsanan, Chonticha Singtripop, Ekachai Chukeatirote & Kevin D. Hyde

  6. A.M.B. Gruppo Micologico Forlivese “Antonio Cicognani”, Via Roma 18, Forlì, Italy

    Erio Camporesi

  7. Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saudi University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    E. B. Gareth Jones

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  1. Hiran A. Ariyawansa
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  2. Kasun M. Thambugala
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Correspondence to Kevin D. Hyde.

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Ariyawansa, H.A., Thambugala, K.M., Manamgoda, D.S. et al. Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Pleosporaceae . Fungal Diversity 71, 85–139 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0323-z

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