Abstract
Background and aims
The trend of soil degradation in intensive open coffee systems is well-documented. This study highlights the impact of young shade trees on soil quality only 4 years after their intercropping with coffee.
Methods
18 young shade trees belonging to three tree species (Cinnamomum camphora, Bishofia javanica and Jacaranda mimosifolia) were selected in an intensive coffee system in Southern Yunnan. Soil samples (0–20 cm) were tested for chemical composition, soil communities and soil enzyme activities under their canopies and in open areas, both in coffee rows and inter-rows, once during the rainy and once during the dry season. Additionally, root systems were characterized using trenches. Soil water profiles and litterfall were monitored along the production cycle. Coffee yield was recorded for two consecutive years.
Results
We detected a positive impact of all shade tree species on soil chemical, biological and biochemical components, especially during the dry season. This positive impact included higher soil organic matter (+10%) and more abundant soil microbial communities (+64%) under shaded coffee than under open coffee. Furthermore, shaded coffee trees yielded as much as open coffee trees, except under C. camphora, probably due to high below-ground competition.
Conclusions
These results demonstrate that carefully selected shade trees can rapidly contribute to preserving and/or restoring soil quality in intensive coffee systems, while maintaining high coffee yield.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank 岩庄香 for his invaluable help in the field, Nestlé for its support on soil chemical analysis and all the farmers who welcomed us in their farms for this experiment.
Funding
This research was funded through a PhD program by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Kunming Institute of Botany, with additional financial support from the CGIAR program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA), and supported by Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS, Grant No. QYZDY-SSW-SMC014.
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Rigal, C., Xu, J. & Vaast, P. Young shade trees improve soil quality in intensively managed coffee systems recently converted to agroforestry in Yunnan Province, China. Plant Soil 453, 119–137 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04004-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04004-1