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Soil water storage appears to compensate for climatic aridity at the xeric margin of European tree species distribution

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Abstract

Based on macroecological data, we test the hypothesis whether European tree species of temperate and boreal distribution maintain their water and nutrient supply in the more arid southern margin of their distribution range by shifting to more fertile soils with higher water storage than in their humid core distribution range (cf. soil compensatory effects). To answer this question, we gathered a large dataset with more than 200,000 plots that we related to summer aridity (SA), derived from WorldClim data, as well as soil available water capacity (AWC) and soil nutrient status, derived from the European soil database. The soil compensatory effects on tree species distribution were tested through generalized additive models. The hypothesis of soil compensatory effects on tree species distribution under limiting aridity was supported in terms of statistical significance and plausibility. Compared to a bioclimatic baseline model, inclusion of soil variables systematically improved the models’ goodness of fit. However, the relevance measured as the gain in predictive performance was small, with largest improvements for P. sylvestris, Q. petraea and A. alba. All studied species, except P. sylvestris, preferred high AWC under high SA. For F. sylvatica, P. abies and Q. petraea, the compensatory effect of soil AWC under high SA was even more pronounced on acidic soils. Soil compensatory effects might have decisive implications for tree species redistribution and forest management strategies under anthropogenic climate change. Therefore, soil compensatory effects deserve more intensive investigation, ideally, in studies combining different spatial scales to reduce the uncertainty associated with the precision of soil information.

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Abbreviations

AWC:

Available water capacity

DTOL:

Tolerances to drought

EQ:

Ellenberg’s climate quotient

EQm:

Modified EQ

ESDB:

European soil database

LogEQm:

Decimal logarithm from EQm

RSC:

Relative site constancy

SA:

Summer aridity

SDM:

Species distribution model

STOL:

Tolerances to shade

SNS:

Soil nutrient status

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Acknowledgements

This study was funded by the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture as well as the Federal Environment Ministry of Germany (project number 28WB4058) and the Bavarian State Forest Administration (project number W42), an authority of the Ministry for Nutrition, Agriculture and Forestry. We acknowledge ICP Forests and the involved country representatives for providing Level-I data. Our thanks also go to Nikolaos Grigoriadis from Greece, Aleksander Marinšek, Alexey Zharov from Germany and Doganay Tolunay from Turkey for data provision. However, the Turkish data could not be used in this analysis, as the ESDB do not contain soil data from this country. Additionally, we are deeply indebted to our colleagues, Solti György, Markus Neumann and Heino Polley for providing us access to the national forest inventories of Hungary, Austria and Germany, respectively, as well as Monika Konnert (Bavarian Institution for Forest Seeding and Planting) for providing data from provenance plots. Furthermore, we thank all other contributors of vegetation databases and other data sources as well as two anonymous reviewers whose comments helped to clarify important issues.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Forest Nutrition and Water Resources, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany

    Karl H. Mellert, Axel Göttlein & Eckart Kolb

  2. UR “Ecologie et dynamique des systèmes anthropisés” (EDYSAN, FRE 3498 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 Rue des Louvels, 80037, Amiens Cedex 1, France

    Jonathan Lenoir

  3. WWF – World Wide Fund for Nature, Reinhardtstr. 18, 10117, Berlin, Germany

    Susanne Winter

  4. AELF Roth, Johann-Strauß-Str. 1, 91154, Roth, Germany

    Christian Kölling & Steffen Täger

  5. Research Center of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute of Biology, Novi trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Andraž Čarni & Nina Juvan

  6. Univerza of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, 5000, Nova Gorica, Slovenia

    Andraž Čarni & Nina Juvan

  7. Forest Research Centre, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CIFOR), Ctra. A Coruña, km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Isabel Dorado-Liñán & Eduardo López-Senespleda

  8. LERFoB, Agro Paris Tech, INRA, 54000, Nancy, France

    Jean-Claude Gégout

  9. Faculty of Forestry, University of Applied Sciences Weihenstephan Triesdorf, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 3, 85354, Freising, Germany

    Daniel Hornstein & Joerg Ewald

  10. Bayerische Landesanstalt für Wald und Forstwirtschaft, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 1, 85354, Freising, Germany

    Matthias Jantsch

  11. Ecoclimatology, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany

    Annette Menzel

  12. Institute for Advanced Study, Lichtenbergstr. 2a, 85748, Garching, Germany

    Annette Menzel

  13. Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Antona Cehova 13d, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia

    Dejan Stojanović

  14. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovica 8, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia

    Dejan Stojanović

  15. Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Ioannis Tsiripidis

  16. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland

    Thomas Wohlgemuth

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  1. Karl H. Mellert
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  2. Jonathan Lenoir
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  3. Susanne Winter
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  4. Christian Kölling
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  12. Eckart Kolb
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  13. Eduardo López-Senespleda
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  14. Annette Menzel
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  17. Ioannis Tsiripidis
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  18. Thomas Wohlgemuth
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  19. Joerg Ewald
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Karl H. Mellert.

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Communicated by Agustín Merino.

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Mellert, K.H., Lenoir, J., Winter, S. et al. Soil water storage appears to compensate for climatic aridity at the xeric margin of European tree species distribution. Eur J Forest Res 137, 79–92 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-017-1092-x

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