Abstract
Urinary disorders are uncommon in the initial phases of multiple sclerosis, but increase in frequency as the disease progresses, with a negative impact on quality of life. The goal of this study was to propose a protocol for the diagnosis and treatment of urinary disorders in multiple sclerosis, based on data from the scientific literature and the experience of Italian clinical centres. In particular, the following clinical aspects were considered: what to do with patients with asymptomatic multiple sclerosis; what to do with symptomatic patients; how and when to perform a second-level diagnostic evaluation; and how to treat urinary disorders. A diagnostic–therapeutic algorithm is proposed, that can be applied in Italian clinical centres.
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Ghezzi, A., Carone, R., Del Popolo, G. et al. Recommendations for the management of urinary disorders in multiple sclerosis: a consensus of the Italian Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Neurol Sci 32, 1223–1231 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-011-0794-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-011-0794-y