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Potato production and incidence ofVerticillium dahliae following rotation to nonhost crops and soil fumigation in the state of Washington

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Abstract

For three years, potato yields, tuber quality, and incidence ofVerticillium dahliae were measured in field plots previously cropped for one year to the following nonhosts: sudan grass, green peas followed by sudan grass (same year), spring wheat, spring wheat followed by sudan grass (same year), sweet corn and field corn. One year rotation to nonhosts did not reduce the population ofV. dahliae propagules in the soil and in only one of the three years wereV. dahliae propagule numbers in potato stems significantly reduced in plots following nonhost crops, compared with plots following potatoes. Verticillium wilt symptoms in potatoes were not reduced by one year rotation to any of these crops and only in one year in three was yield significantly increased. In two of three years, percent U.S. No. 1 tubers was increased following one-year rotation with green peas plus sudan grass, and in one of the two years, specific gravity was increased by rotation.

Rotational cropping to nonhosts for two years between potatoes significantly reduced preplant soil populations ofV. dahliae propagules in the soil and in potato stems the following fall. However, soil populations in these two year rotational plots the spring following potato were not reduced compared to plots previously cropped to potatoes two consecutive years. Cropping to nonhosts for two years had no consistent effect on incidence of Verticillium wilt in subsequent potato crops. Two years’ rotation to nonhosts increased plant height and yield compared to continuous cropping to potato but not percent U.S. No. 1 tubers. The various nonhost crops all had about the same non-significant effect on yield.

In two out of three years’ trials, fumigation significantly reduced both the incidence of Verticillium wilt and number ofV. dahliae propagules in stems in plots compared to plots non-fumigated. In only one trial, fumigation significantly increased tuber yields and percent U.S. No. 1 tubers.

Compendio

Por tres años, se midieron los rendimientos de la papa, la calidad de tubérculo y la incidencia delVerticillium dahliae en parcelas de campo previamente cultivadas por un año con los siguientes cultivos no hospedantes: pasto sudán, vainitas seguidas a continuación por pasto sudán (el mismo año), trigo de primavera, trigo de primavera seguido por pasto sudán (el mismo año), maíz dulce y maíz amarillo. Un año de rotación con no hospedantes no redujo la población de propágulos deV. dahliae en el suelo y sólo en uno de los tres años el número de propágulos deV. dahliae en los tallos de papa se redujo significativamente en las parcelas donde se cultivaron a continuación cultivos no hospedantes, en comparación con las parcelas donde se sembro nuevamente papa. Los síntomas de la marchitez porVerticillium en la papa no disminuyeron por la rotación de un año con cualesquier de los cultivos no hospedantes y sólo en un año el rendimiento fue significativamente incrementado. En dos de los trés años, el porcentaje de tubérculos U.S. No. 1 se incrementó después de una rotación de un año con vainitas además de pasto sudán, y en uno de los dos años, la gravedad específíca se incremento con la rotacion.

El cultivo en rotación con no hospedantes, con dos afios entre cultivos de papa, redujo significativamente antes de la siembra las poblaciones de propágulos deV. dahliae en el suelo y en los tallos de papa en el otoño siguiente. Sin embargo, las poblaciones del suelo en las parcelas con rotacion de dos años, en la primavera que siguió al cultivo de papa, no fueron reducidas, en comparación con las parcelas cultivadas previamente con papa en dos años consecutivos. El cultivar en rotación con no hospedantes por dos años no tuvo efecto consistente sobre la incidencia de la marchitez porVerticillium en los cultivos posteriores de papa. La rotación con no hospedantes por dos años incrementó la altura y el rendimiento de las plantas en comparación con las del cultivo continuado de papa, pero no así el porcentaje de tubérculos U.S. No. 1. Todos los diversos cultivos no hospedantes tuvieron aproximadamente el mismo efecto no significativo sobre el rendimiento.

En dos de los tres años de ensayos, la fumigación redujo significativamente tanto la incidencia de la marchitez porVerticillium como el numéro de propágulos deV. dahliae en los tallos en comparación con las parcelas no fumigadas. En sólo un ensayo, la fumigación incremento significativamente los rendimientos en tubérculos y el porcentaje de tubérculos U.S. No. 1.

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PPNS No. 0105. Project 1709. College of Agriculture and Home Economics Research Center, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.

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Easton, G.D., Nagle, M.E. & Seymour, M.D. Potato production and incidence ofVerticillium dahliae following rotation to nonhost crops and soil fumigation in the state of Washington. American Potato Journal 69, 489–502 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02853838

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