Abstract
For three years, potato yields, tuber quality, and incidence ofVerticillium dahliae were measured in field plots previously cropped for one year to the following nonhosts: sudan grass, green peas followed by sudan grass (same year), spring wheat, spring wheat followed by sudan grass (same year), sweet corn and field corn. One year rotation to nonhosts did not reduce the population ofV. dahliae propagules in the soil and in only one of the three years wereV. dahliae propagule numbers in potato stems significantly reduced in plots following nonhost crops, compared with plots following potatoes. Verticillium wilt symptoms in potatoes were not reduced by one year rotation to any of these crops and only in one year in three was yield significantly increased. In two of three years, percent U.S. No. 1 tubers was increased following one-year rotation with green peas plus sudan grass, and in one of the two years, specific gravity was increased by rotation.
Rotational cropping to nonhosts for two years between potatoes significantly reduced preplant soil populations ofV. dahliae propagules in the soil and in potato stems the following fall. However, soil populations in these two year rotational plots the spring following potato were not reduced compared to plots previously cropped to potatoes two consecutive years. Cropping to nonhosts for two years had no consistent effect on incidence of Verticillium wilt in subsequent potato crops. Two years’ rotation to nonhosts increased plant height and yield compared to continuous cropping to potato but not percent U.S. No. 1 tubers. The various nonhost crops all had about the same non-significant effect on yield.
In two out of three years’ trials, fumigation significantly reduced both the incidence of Verticillium wilt and number ofV. dahliae propagules in stems in plots compared to plots non-fumigated. In only one trial, fumigation significantly increased tuber yields and percent U.S. No. 1 tubers.
Compendio
Por tres años, se midieron los rendimientos de la papa, la calidad de tubérculo y la incidencia delVerticillium dahliae en parcelas de campo previamente cultivadas por un año con los siguientes cultivos no hospedantes: pasto sudán, vainitas seguidas a continuación por pasto sudán (el mismo año), trigo de primavera, trigo de primavera seguido por pasto sudán (el mismo año), maíz dulce y maíz amarillo. Un año de rotación con no hospedantes no redujo la población de propágulos deV. dahliae en el suelo y sólo en uno de los tres años el número de propágulos deV. dahliae en los tallos de papa se redujo significativamente en las parcelas donde se cultivaron a continuación cultivos no hospedantes, en comparación con las parcelas donde se sembro nuevamente papa. Los síntomas de la marchitez porVerticillium en la papa no disminuyeron por la rotación de un año con cualesquier de los cultivos no hospedantes y sólo en un año el rendimiento fue significativamente incrementado. En dos de los trés años, el porcentaje de tubérculos U.S. No. 1 se incrementó después de una rotación de un año con vainitas además de pasto sudán, y en uno de los dos años, la gravedad específíca se incremento con la rotacion.
El cultivo en rotación con no hospedantes, con dos afios entre cultivos de papa, redujo significativamente antes de la siembra las poblaciones de propágulos deV. dahliae en el suelo y en los tallos de papa en el otoño siguiente. Sin embargo, las poblaciones del suelo en las parcelas con rotacion de dos años, en la primavera que siguió al cultivo de papa, no fueron reducidas, en comparación con las parcelas cultivadas previamente con papa en dos años consecutivos. El cultivar en rotación con no hospedantes por dos años no tuvo efecto consistente sobre la incidencia de la marchitez porVerticillium en los cultivos posteriores de papa. La rotación con no hospedantes por dos años incrementó la altura y el rendimiento de las plantas en comparación con las del cultivo continuado de papa, pero no así el porcentaje de tubérculos U.S. No. 1. Todos los diversos cultivos no hospedantes tuvieron aproximadamente el mismo efecto no significativo sobre el rendimiento.
En dos de los tres años de ensayos, la fumigación redujo significativamente tanto la incidencia de la marchitez porVerticillium como el numéro de propágulos deV. dahliae en los tallos en comparación con las parcelas no fumigadas. En sólo un ensayo, la fumigación incremento significativamente los rendimientos en tubérculos y el porcentaje de tubérculos U.S. No. 1.
Similar content being viewed by others
literature Cited
Benson, D.M. and L.J. Ashworth, Jr. 1976. Survival ofVerticillium albo-atrum on non-susceptible roots and residues in field soil. Phytopathology 66:883–887.
Busch, L.V. 1973. Effect of some cropping practices on survival ofVerticillium. Am Potato J 50:381–382.
Bush, L.V., E.A. Smith and F. Njoh-Elango. 1978. The effect of weeds on the value of rotation as a practical control for Verticillium wilt of potato. Can Plant Dis Surv 58:61–64.
Davis, J.R. and R.E. McDole. 1979. Influence of cropping sequence on soilborne populations ofVertcillium dahliae andRhizoctonia solani. Pages 399–405In: Soil-borne Plant Pathogens. B. Schippers and W. Gams (Eds.). Academic Press, New York. 687 pp.
Easton, G.D., M.E. Nagle and D.L. Bailey. 1969. A method of estimatingVerticillium albo-atrum propagules in field soil and irrigation waste water. Phytopathology 59:1171–1172.
Easton, G.D., M.E. Nagle and D.L. Bailey. 1972. Effect of annual soil fumigation and pre-harvest vine burning on Verticillium wilt of potato. Phytopathology 62:520–524.
Easton, G.D., M.E. Nagle and D.L. Bailey. 1974. Fumigants, rates, and application methods affecting Verticillium wilt incidence and potato yields. Am Potato J 51:71–77.
Easton, G.D., M.E. Nagle and D.L. Bailey. 1975. Residual effect of soil fumigation with vine burning on control of Verticillium wilt of potato. Phytopathology 65:1419–1422.
Easton, G.D. and M.E. Nagle. 1986. Summary of 22 years search for economic control ofVerticillium dahliae in potato. 25th Ann. Washington Potato Conf., Washington State Potato Comm., Moses Lake, WA, 81–95.
Egamov, I. 1979. Effects of alfalfa in crop rotations on the viability ofVrticillium dahliae Kleb. microsclerotia Mikol Fitopatol 13:80–82.
Evans, G. and A.C. Gleeson. 1973. Observations on the origin and nature ofVrticillium dahliae colonizing plant roots. Aust J Biol Sci 26:151–161.
Fitzell, R., G. Evans and P.C. Fahy. 1980. Studies on the colonization of plant roots byVrticillium dahliae Klebahn with use of immunofluorescent staining. Aust J Bot 28:357–368.
Gardner, W.H. 1965. Water content. Pages 82–127In: Methods of soil analysis, Part 1: Physical and mineralogical properties, including statistics of measurement and sampling. C.A. Black, D.D. Evans, L.E. Ensminger, F.E. Clark, and J.L. White, (Eds.) Amer Soc Agron Madison, WI. 770 pp.
Green, R.J., Jr. 1967. Control of Verticillium wilt of peppermint by crop rotation sequences. Plant Dis Rep 51:449–453.
Harrison, J.A.C. and I. Isaac. 1969. Survival of the causal agents of ‘early-dying disease’ (Verticillium wilt) of potato. Ann Appl Biol 63:277–288.
Huisman, O.C. and L.J. Ashworth, Jr. 1976. Influence of crop rotation on the survival ofVerticillium albo-atrum in soils. Phytopathology 66:978–981.
Huisman, O.C. and L.J. Ashworth, Jr. 1976. Rotation ineffective as Verticillium control. California Agric. November 14–15.
Jackson, R.M. 1965. Antibiosis and fungistatsis of soil microorganisms. Pages 363–373In: Ecology of Soil-Borne Plant Pathogens Preclude To Biological Control. Univ Calif Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles.
Jensen, M.C. and J.E. Middleton. 1965. Scheduling irrigation from pan evaporation. Washington Agr Exp Sta Circ 386. 13 pp.
Joaquim, T.R., V.L. Smith and R.C. Rowe. 1988. Seasonal variation and effects of wheat rotation on populations ofVerticillium dahliae Kleb. in Ohio field soils. Am Potato J 65:439–447.
Johnson, W.M. 1976. Susceptibility, symptomatology and formation of microsclerotia in selected crop cultivars and weeds inoculated with a pathogenic isolate ofVerticllium dahliae Kleb. from cotton. Diss Abstr 37:4250-B.
Krikun, J. 1977.Verticillium dahliae- its host and control in Israel. Phytoparasitica 5:66.
Lacy, M.L. and C.E. Horner. 1966. Behavior ofVertcillium dahliae in the rhizosphere and on roots of plants susceptible, resistant and immune to wilt. Phytopathology 56:427–430.
Leben, S.D., J.A. Wadi and G D. Easton. 1987. Effects ofPseudomonas fluorescens on potato growth and control ofVerticillium dahliae. Phytopathology 77:1592–1595.
Little, T.M. and F.J. Hills. 1978. Agricultural Experimentation Design and Analysis. John Wiley & Sons. 350 pp.
Martinson, C.A. 1964. Active survival ofVerticillium dahliae in soil. Diss Abstr 25:18.
Mathre, D.E. 1989. Pathogenicity of an isolate ofVerticillium dahliae from barley. Plant Dis 73:164–167.
McKeen, C.D. and H.J. Thorpe. 1971. An adaption of a moist-chamber method for isolating and identifyingVerticillium spp. Can J Microbiol 17:1139–1141.
Muromstev, G.S., G.N. Marshunova, N.K. Chernikova, R.A. Astanov and M. Man-napova. 1979. Role of green manure crops in the formation of the antibiotic potential of soils used for cotton growing. Sel’ Skokhozaistvesenaia Biologiia, Moscow 14:45–49.
O’Sullivan, J. 1978. Effects of rotation and nitrogen on yield and quality of potatoes. Can J Plant Sci 58:475–483.
Scholte, K. 1989. Effects of crop rotation and granular nematicides on the incidence ofVerticillium dahliae Kleb. andColletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) Huges, in potato. Potato Res 32:377–385.
Sherrod, L.L. and A.M. Elliot. 1967. Grain sorghum as a host forVerticillium albo-atrum. Phytopathology 57:14–17.
Tartier, Leon-M. and A. Devaux. 1977. Survey on Verticillium wilt of potatoes in the regions north of Montreal. Phytoprotection 58:115–120.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
PPNS No. 0105. Project 1709. College of Agriculture and Home Economics Research Center, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Easton, G.D., Nagle, M.E. & Seymour, M.D. Potato production and incidence ofVerticillium dahliae following rotation to nonhost crops and soil fumigation in the state of Washington. American Potato Journal 69, 489–502 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02853838
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02853838