Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Spring fen vegetation and water chemistry in the Western Carpathian flysch zone

  • Published:
Folia Geobotanica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

An Erratum to this article was published on 01 September 2002

Abstract

In the western part of the Carpathian flysch zone, aquifers host several springwater chemistry types. Four vegetation types, distinguished along the poor-rich gradient (tufa-forming and peat forming brown moss fens, moderately rich and poorSphagnum fens), have been compared with respect to the main habitat factors. Water calcium and magnesium concentrations, pH and conductivity as well as the soil organic carbon content were the properties measured that showed the strongest correlation with the main vegetation gradient (the poor-rich gradient). Further, significant differences in iron, sodium, potassium, sulphate and phosphate concentrations were also found between pairs of related vegetation types. The range of calcium concentrations is wide (2–300 mg/l). The calcium concentration in tufa-forming springs is higher than values usually reported from northern and western Europe. Tufa formation is influenced not only by high calcium concentrations, but also by the total chemical composition of springwater and both climatic and topographic conditions. There is a great excess of cations over Cl− and SO 2−4 , balanced by HCO −3 and CO 2−3 in springs with the most intense tufa precipitation. Unusually high calcium concentrations combined with high iron concentrations were found in peat-forming brown moss fens. RichSphagnum-fens with calcitolerantSphagnum species are distinctively low in phosphates. The Western Carpathian poor fens dominated bySphagnum flexuosum have water and soil calcium concentrations comparable to those reported from rich fens of some other areas. The springwater of these fens are rich in iron, phosphates and sulphates. The poorest spring fens withSphagnum fallax, S. magellanicum, S. papillosum andS. auriculatum are not only poor in calcium, but also in iron, sodium and potassium.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aerts R., Wallén B. &Malmer N. (1992): Growth-limiting nutrients inSphagnum-dominated bogs subject to low and high atmospheric nitrogen supply.J. Ecol. 80: 131–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Almendinger J.E. &Leete J.H. (1998): Peat characteristics and groundwater geochemistry of calcareous fens in the Minnesota River Basin, U.S.A.Biogeochemistry 43: 17–41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous (1990):Kjeltec system 1902 manual. TECATOR AB, Högänas.

  • Anonymous (1993):DR/2000 Spectrometer instrument manual. HACH, Loveland.

  • Antanasopoulos N. (1994):Flame methods manual for atomic absorption. GBC, Dandenong.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aulio K. (1980): Nutrient accumulation inSphagnum mosses. I. A multivariate summarization of the mineral element composition of 13 species from an ombrotrophic raised bog.Ann. Bot. Fenn. 17: 307–314.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balátová-Tuláčková E. (1974):Flachmoorwiesen im mittleren und unteren Opava-Tal (Schleisen). Vegetace ČSSR A4, Academia, Praha.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balátová-Tuláčková E. (1987): Beitrag zur Kenntis der Feuchtwiesen des Gebirges Hostýnské vrchy.Tuexenia 7: 119–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell P. R. &Lodge E. (1962): The reliability ofCratoneuron commutatum (Hedw.)Roth as an ‘indicator mos’.J. Ecol. 50: 113–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyer M.L.H. &Wheeler B.D. (1989): Vegetation patterns in spring-fed calcareous fens: calcite precipitation and constrains on fertility.J. Ecol. 77: 597–609.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bragazza L. (1997):Sphagnum niche diversification in two oligotrophic mires in the southern Alps of Italy.Bryologist 100: 507–515.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bragazza L. &Gerdol R. (1999): Ecological gradients on someSphagnum mires in the southeastern Alps (Italy).Appl. Veg. Sci. 2: 55–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buday T. (1967):Regionální geologie ČSSR (Regional geology of the Czechoslovakia) II/2. ÚÚG, Praha.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charman D.J. (1993): Patterned fens in Scotland: evidence from vegetation and water chemistry.J. Veg. Sci. 4: 543–552.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clymo R.S. (1983): Peat. In:Gore A.J.P. (ed.),Ecosystems of the world 4A, Mires: swamp, bog, fen and moor, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 159–224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coldea G. (ed.) (1997):Les associations végétales de Roumanie. I. Les associations herbacées naturalles. Presses Univ., Cluj.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daniels R.E. &Eddy A. (1990):Handbook of European Sphagna. Ed. 2. Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Huntingdon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Devánová K. &Deván P. (2000): Charakteristika mokradí a slatinných pramenísk v Chránenej krajinnej oblasti Biele Karpaty (The characteristic of wetlands and spring fens in Protected Landscape Area Biele Karpaty). In:Stanová V. (ed.),Rašeliniská Slovenska (Peatlands of Slovakia), Daphne, Bratislava, pp. 45–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dierssen K. (1982):Die wichtigsten Pflanzengesellschaften der Moore NW-Europas. Conserv. Jard. Bot., Ville Geneve.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dierssen K. &Dierssen B. (2001):Ökosysteme Mitteleuropas aus geobotanischer Sicht. 2. Moore. Ulmer, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duda J. (1950): Beskydská vrchoviště a rašelinné louky (The peat bogs and the peaty meadows in the Beskydy Mts.).Přír. Sbor. Ostrav. Kraje, Opava 11: 66–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fransson S. (1972): Myrvegetation i sydvástra Värmland (Mire vegetation in south-western Värmland, Sweden).Acta Phytogeogr. Suec. 57: 1–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frey W., Frahm J.-P., Fischer E. &Lobin W. (1995):Die Moos- und Farnpflanzen Europas. Ed. 6. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerdol R. (1990): Seasonal variations in the element concentrations in 44 mire water and inSphagnum mosses on an ombrotrophic bog in the southern Alps.Lindbergia 16: 44–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerdol R. (1995): Community and species-performance patterns along an alpine poor-rich mire gradient.J. Veg. Sci. 6: 175–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glaser P.H., Wheeler G.A., Gorham E. &Wright H.E. jr. (1981): The patterned mires of the Red lake Peatland, northern Minnesota: vegetation, water chemistry and landforms.J. Ecol. 69: 575–599.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gorham E. (1953): The ionic composition of some bog and fen waters in the English Lake District.J. Ecol. 41: 142–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gorham E. &Janssens J.A. (1992): Concepts of fen and bog re-examined in relation to bryophyte cover and the acidity of surface waters.Acta Soc. Bot. Poloniae 61: 7–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grootjans A.P., Schipper P.C. &van der Windt H.J. (1985): Influence of drainage on N-mineralization and vegetation response in wet meadows I.Calthion palustris stands.Acta Ecol./Ecol. Plant. 6: 403–417.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grulich V. (1997): Fytogeografická charakteristika Moravy (Phytogeographische Charakteristik Mährens). In:Novák V. & Hudec K. (eds.),Vlastivěda Moravská. Živá Příroda (Naturlandschaften Mährens und Schleisens), Brno, pp. 80–88.

  • Güsewell S., Zorzi A. &Gigon A. (2000): Mowing in early summer as remedy to eutrophication in Swiss fen meadows: are really more nutrients removed?Bull. Geobot. Inst. ETH 66: 11–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Háberová I. &Hájek M. (2001):Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae. In:Valachovič M. (ed.),Rastlinné spoločenstvá Slovenska, čast’ 3: Vegetácia mokradí (Plant communities of Slovakia, 3. Vegetation of wetlands), Veda, Bratislava, pp. 185–273.

    Google Scholar 

  • Háberová I. (1976): Pflanzengesellschaften der Torfwiesen im Horehron-Gebiet.Acta Fac. Rerum. Nat. Univ. Comen., Bot. 25: 67–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hájek M. (1998): Mokřadní vegetace Bílých Karpat (The wetland vegetation in the White Carpathians).Sborn. Přírod. Klubu, Uherské Hradište, Suppl. 4/1998: 1–158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hájková P. &Hájek M. (2000): Streuwiesengesellschaften des Gebirges Hostýnské vrchy und ihre synchrologischen Beziehungen im Bereich der mährischen Karpaten.Linzer Biol. Beitr. 32: 763–789.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halada L., Rúžičková H. & David S. (1997): Management vlhkých lúk chránených území na príklade PR Pastierske (Liptovská kotlina) (The management of wet meadows in the Pastierske Nature Reserve, the Liptov basin). In:Baranec T. (ed.),Flóra a vegetácia rašelinísk (The mire flora and vegetation), Zborník z vedeckej konferencie Orava, Nitra, pp. 67–74.

  • Hedenäs L. &Kooijman A. (1996): Förändringar i rikkärrsvegetationen SV om Mellansjön i Västergötland (Changes in vegetation of a rich fen in Västergötland, Sweden).Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 90: 113–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keikkilä H. (1987): The vegetation and ecology of mesotrophic and eutrophic fens in western Finland.Ann. Bot. Fenn. 24: 155–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horáková M., Lischke P. &Grünwald A. (1989):Chemické a fyzikální metody analýzy vod (Chemical and physical methods of water analysis). SNTL, Praha.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jäger K.D. (1969): Climatic character and oscillations of the subboreal period in the dry regions of the Central European Highlands. In:Wright H.E.Jr. (ed.),Quarternary geology and climate, Nat. Acad. Sci., Washington, pp. 38–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jäger K.D. &Ložek V. (1968): Beobachtungen zur Geschichte der Karbonatdynamik in der holozänen Warmzeit.Českoslov. Kras 19: 5–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Javorský P. (ed.) (1987):Chemické rozbory v zemědělských laboratořích (Chemical analysis in agriculture labs). MZ, Praha.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koerselman W., Bakker S.A. &Blom M. (1990): Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium budgets for two small fens surrounded by heavily fertilized pastures.J. Ecol. 78: 428–442.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kooijmann A.M. &Bakker C. (1994): The acidification capacity of wetland bryophytes as influenced by simulated clean and polluted rain.Aquatic Bot. 48: 133–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kooijman A. &Hedenäs L. (1991): Differentiation in habitat requirements within the genusScorpidium, especially betweenS. revolvens andS. cossonii.J. Bryol. 16: 619–627.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kooijmann A.M. &Kanne D.M. (1993): Effects of water chemistry, nutrient supply and interspecific interactions on the replacement ofSphagnum subnitens byS. fallax in fens.J. Bryol. 17: 431–438.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kruk M. (1998): Biogeochemical consequences of watershed inflow of mineral elements into fens in agricultural landscape.Polish Ecol. Stud. 22: 105–127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larcher W. (1984):Ökologie der Pflanzen. Ulmer, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ložek V. (1972): Holocene interglacial in Central Europe and its land snails.Quater. Res. 2: 327–334.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malmer N. (1962): Studies on mire vegetation in the Archaean area of southwestern Götland (south Sweden) II. Distribution and seasonal variation in elementary constituents on some mire sites.Opera Bot. 7/2: 1–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malmer N. (1963): Studies on mire vegetation in the Archaean area of southwestern Götaland (south Sweden) III. On the relation between specific conductivity and concentrations of ions in the mire water.Bot. Not. 116: 249–256.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malmer N. (1986): Vegetational gradients in relation to environmental conditions in northwestern European mires.Canad. J. Bot. 64: 375–383.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malmer N., Horton D.G. &Vitt D.H. (1992): Element concentrations in mosses and surface waters of western Canadian mires relative to precipitation chemistry and hydrology.Ecography 15: 114–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marhold K. (ed.) (1998): Paprad’orasty a semenné rastliny (Ferns and flowering plants). In:Marhold K. &Hindák F. (eds.),Zoznam nižších a vyšších rastlín Slovenska (Checklist of non-vascular and vascular plants of Slovakia), Veda, Bratislava, pp. 333–687.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marti K. (1994): Zum Standort vonMagnocaricion-Gesellschaften in der Schweiz (Caricetum elatae, Caricetum paniculatae, Caricetum ripariae, Caricetum vesicariae). Veröff. Geobot. Inst. ETH Stiftung Rübel Zürich 120.

  • Martinčič A. (1995): Vegetacija razredaScheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae (Nordh. 36) R.Tx. 37 v Sloveniji (The vegetation of the classScheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae (Nordh. 36) R.Tx. 37 in Slovenia).Biol. Vestn. 3–4: 101–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martinčič A. (1997): Ekološko-fitocenološke dvojzivke (Eco-phytocoenological amphibians).Acta Biol. Solven. 41: 43–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matuszkiewicz W. (1982):Przewodnik do oznaczania zbiorowisk roślinnych Polski (Identification key to plant communities of Poland). Państwove Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehlich A. (1978): New extractans for soil test evaluation of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sodium, magnese and zinc.Commun. Soil. Sci. Pl. Analysis 9: 477–492.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menčík E. &Tyráček J. (1985):Synoptic geological map of the Beskydy Mts. and the Podbeskydské pahorkatina upland. Czech Geological Office, Praha.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mörnsjö T. (1969): Studies on vegetation and development of a peatland in Scania, south Sweden.Opera Bot. 24: 1–187.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neuhäusl R. (1975):Hochmoore am Teich Velké Dářko. Vegetace ČSSR A9, Academia, Praha.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohlson M. &Økland R.H. (1998): Spatial variation in rates of carbon and nitrogen accumulation in a boreal bog.Ecology 79: 2745–2758.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Økland R.H. (1989): A phytoecological study of the mire Kisselbergmosen, SE. Norway. I. Introduction, flora, vegetation, and ecological conditions.Sommerfeltia 8: 1–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Økland R.H., Økland T. &Rydgren K. (2001): A Scandinavian perspective on ecological gradients in north-west European mires: reply to Wheeler and Proctor.J. Ecol. 89: 481–486.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pakarinen P. (1979): Ecological indicators and species groups of bryophytes in boreal peatlands. In:Kivinen E., Heikurainen L. &Pakarinen P. (eds),Classification of peat and peatlands, Proceedings of the international symposium Hyytiälä, 17–21 Sept. 1979, International Peat Society, Jyväskylä, pp. 121–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pakarinen P. &Ruuhijärvi R. (1978): Ordination of northern Finnish peatland vegetation with factor analysis and reciprocal averaging.Ann. Bot. Fenn. 15: 147–157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pakarinen P. &Tolonen K. (1978): Nutrient contents ofSphagnum mosses in relation to bog water chemistry in northern Finland.Lindbergia 4: 27–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pawłowski B., Pawłowska S. &Zarzycki K. (1960): Zespoły roślinne kośnych łąk północnej części Tatr i Podtatrza (Les associations végétales des praires fauchables de la partie septentrionale des Tatras et de la Region subtatrique).Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 6: 95–227.

    Google Scholar 

  • Persson Ą. (1962): Mire and spring vegetation in an area north of Lake Torneträsk, Torne Lappmark, Sweden. II. Habitat conditions.Opera Bot. 6/3: 1–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pentecost A. (1992): Carbonate chemistry of surface waters in a temperate karst region: the southern Yorkshire Dales, UK.J. Hydrol. 139: 211–232.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pentecost A. (1996): Moss growth and travertine deposition: the significance of photosynthesis, evaporation and degassing of carbon dioxide.J. Bryol. 19: 229–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pesl V. &Žůrková I. (1967): Vápnitost sedimentu v západní čśti magurského flyše (Calcium content of the sediments in the western part of the Magura flysch zone).Geol. Práce, Zaprávy 41: 185–189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pietsch W. (1984): Standortverhältnisse im Naturschutzgebiet “Kalktuff-Niedermoor” (Vorderrhön).Arch. Naturschutz Landschaftsf. 24: 259–273.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poprawa D. &Nemčok J. (eds.) (1988):Geological atlas of the Western Outer Carpathians. Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny, Warszava.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pott R. (1992):Die Pflanzengesellschaften Deutschlands. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poulíčková A., Bogdanová K., Hekera P. &Hájková P. (2001): Rozsivková flóra prameništ’ moravskoslovenského pomezí I. Severovýchodní část území (Diatom flora of the springs of the borderline between Moravia and Slovakia I. Northeastern part of the territory).Czech Phycol. 1: 63–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prát S. (1960): Mechy v thermálních a minerálních vodách (Mosses in thermal and mineral waters).Rozpr. Českoslov. Akad. Věd, Ser. Math.-Natur. 70/7: 3–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rapant S., Vrana K. &Bodiš D. (1997): Geochemical atlas of Slovakia. Part Groundwater.Slovak Geol. Mag. 3: 9–26.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rybníček K. (1974):Die Vegetation der Moore im südlichen Teil der Böhmisch-Mährischen Höhe. Vegetace ČSSR A6, Academia, Praha.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rybníček K. (1985): A Central-European approach to the classification of mire vegetation.Aquilo, Ser. Bot. 21: 19–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rybníček K. (1997): Monitorování vegetačních a stanovištních poměrů hřebenových rašeliništ’ Hrubého Jeseníku — výchozí stav (The monitoring of vegetation and habitat conditions of summit peat-bogs of the Hrubý Jeseník Mts. — an initial state).Příroda (Praha) 11: 53–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rybníček K. (2000): Present results of vegetation and habitat monitoring in mountain bogs of the Jizerské hory Mts, 1991–1998.Příroda (Praha) 17: 101–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rybníček K., Balátová-Tuláčková E. & Neuhäusl R. (1984): Pěhled rostlinných společenstev rašeliništ’ a mokřadních luk Československa (Übersicht der Pflanzengesellschaften der Moore und Nasswiesen der Tschechoslowakei).Studie Českoslov. Akad. Věd 1984/8.

  • Rybníček K. &Rybníčková E. (1995): Palaeoecological and phytosociological reconstruction of precultural vegetation in the Bílý Křiž area, the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts.Veget. Hist. Archaeobot. 4: 161–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seeponen P., Haapala H., Hiltunen R. &Häggman J. (1978): The nutrient ecology of certain mires in the parish of Ylikiiminki.Aquilo, Ser. Bot. 16: 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sjörs H. (1952): On the relation between vegetation and electrolytes in north Swedish mire waters.Oikos 2: 241–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Slack N.G., Vitt D.H. &Horton D.G. (1980): Vegetation gradients of minerotrophically rich fens in western Alberta.Canad. J. Bot. 58: 330–350.

    Google Scholar 

  • Snowden R.E.D. &Wheeler B.D. (1993): Iron toxicity to fen plant species.J. Ecol. 81: 35–46.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solomakha V.A. (1995):Sintaxoni roslinnosti Ukrainy za metodom Braun-Blanketa ich osoblivosti (Plant communities of the Ukraine described using Braun-Blanquet approach). Nacionalnii Kijvskii universitet im. Tarasa Schevchenka, Kyiv.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sparling J.H. (1966): Studies on the relationships between water movement and water chemistry in mires.Canad. J. Bot. 44: 747–758.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stanová V. (2000): Súčasný výskyt rašelinísk na Slovensku a faktory ich ohrozenia (Current distribution and threats to peatlands in Slovakia. In:Stanová V. (ed.),Rašeliniská Slovenska (Peatlands of Slovakia), Daphne, Bratislava, pp. 3–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steiner G.M. (1992):Österreichischer Moorschutzkatalog. Grüne Reihe des BMUJF 1, Wien.

  • Steiner G.M. (1993):Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae. In:Grabherr G. &Mucina L. (eds),Die Pflanzengesellschaften Österreichs. Teil II. Natürliche waldfreie Vegetation, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, pp. 131–165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Succow M. (1974): Vorschlag einer systematischen Neugliederung der mineralbodenwasserbeeinflußten wachsenden Moorvegetation Mitteleuropas unter Ausklammerung des Gebirgsraumes.Feddes Repert. 85: 57–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ter Braak C.J.F. &Šmilauer P. (1998):CANOCO 4. CANOCO reference manual and user’s guide to Canoco for Windows. Centre of Biometry, Wageningen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Urbanová V. &Kuderavá Z. (1996): Hodnotenie biotických zložiek ekologicko-funkčných jednotiek — rastlinstvo (Evaluation of the biotic components of the ecological functional units — plants). In:Tóthová Z., Sabo P. &Čárska H. (eds.),Ochrana prírody Kysuckého regiónu a spolupráca na jeho trvalo udržatel’nom rozvoji (Nature conservation in the Kysuce region and collaboration in its sustainable development), IUCN, Bratislava, pp. 65–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Maarel E. (1979): Transformation of cover-abundance values in phytosociology and its effects on community similarity.Vegetatio 39: 97–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valachovič M. (2001):Montio-Cardaminetea. In:Valachovič M. (ed.),Rastlinné spoločenstvá Slovenska, čast’ 3: Vegetácia mokradí (Plant communities of Slovakia, 3. Vegetation of wetlands), Veda, Bratislava, pp. 297–344.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vitt D.H. &Slack N.G. (1974): An analysis of the vegetation ofSphagnum-dominated kettle-hole bogs in relation to environmental gradients.Canad. J. Bot. 53: 332–359.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vitt D.H. &Slack N.G. (1983): Niche diversification ofSphagnum relative to environmental factors in northern Minnesota peatlands.Canad. J. Bot. 62: 1409–1430.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waughmann G.J. (1980): Chemical aspects of the ecology of some south German peatlands.J. Ecol. 68: 1025–1046.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wassen M.J., Barendregt A., Pałczynski A., Smidt J.T. &de Mars H. (1990): The relationships between fen vegetation gradients, groundwater flow and flooding in an undrained valley mire at Biebrza, Poland.J. Ecol. 78: 1106–1122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zabíral J. (1995):Analýza půd I (Soil analysis I). SKZÚZ, Brno.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ-611 37, Brno, Czech Republic

    Michal Hájek & Petra Hájková

  2. Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Svobody 26, CZ-771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic

    Petr Hekera

Authors
  1. Michal Hájek
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Petr Hekera
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Petra Hájková
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michal Hájek.

Additional information

An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02805220.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hájek, M., Hekera, P. & Hájková, P. Spring fen vegetation and water chemistry in the Western Carpathian flysch zone. Folia Geobot 37, 205–224 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02804232

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02804232

Keywords

Search

Navigation