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Radiotherapy for intracranial and spinal ependymomas

A retrospective analysis

Strahlentherapie bei intrakraniellen und spinalen ependymomen: Eine ertrospektive auswertung

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Abstract

Background

The low incidence of ependymomas results in limited treatment experience. While standard therapy consists of surgery and postoperative radiotherapy, irradiation techniques are still subject to discussion. We report the experience from Münster over the last 35 years.

Patients and Methods

Since 1961, 25 evaluable patients with ependymoma were irradiated in Münster: 17 intracranial and 8 spinal tumors. Fourteen of 25 patients underwent subtotal resection. Fifteen of 25 patients were treated by local irradiation, 10 of 25 with large-field techniques (whole-brain/cranio-spinal irradiation) and an additional tumor boost. The median tumor dose amounted to 50 Gy (16 to 65 Gy). Sites of recurrence were analyzed and correlated with the irradiated region.

Results

Twelve recurrences were observed. Six of 12 could be exactly related to the irradiation portals and were found well inside the local or boost fields. The remaining 6 tumors also recurred locally; whether they were in-field or field margin recurrences was not to be discerned by the imaging available at the time. No out-field recurrences or spinal seeding were observed. For 8 of 17 locally irradiated patients with intracranial ependymomas, 5 local recurrences were recorded. In 9 of 17 patients receiving whole-brain or cranio-spinal irradiation, 6 local recurrences were found. Two of 8 spinal tumors recurred locally.

Conclusions

All tumors recurred within the former tumor bed. In the remaining cranio-spinal axis no recurrences or metastases were found. Similar results are reported from current literature. The value of large-field techniques (whole brain/spinal irradiation) is to be questioned. Modern methods like IORT or stereotactic radiotherapy might be able to deliver a higher tumor dose without increasing toxicity.

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Aufgrund der niedrigen Inzidenz der Ependymome existiert nur begrenzte Therapieerfahrung. Die Standardbehandlung besteht in Operation und Nachbestrahlung; die Bestrahlungstechniken bzw. Zielvolumina werden jedoch noch kontrovers diskutiert. Wir berichten die Münsteraner Erfahrungen der letzten 35 Jahre.

Patienten und Methode

Seit 1961 wurden 25 auswertbare Patienten mit Ependymomen in Münster bestrahlt: 17 intrakranielle und acht spinale Tumoren. 14/25 Tumoren wurden nur subtotal reseziert (Tabelle 1). 15/25 Patienten wurden ausschließlich lokal bestrahlt, 10/25 mit Großfeldtechniken (Ganzhirn-/kraniospinale Bestrahlung) und einem zusätzlichen Tumorboost. Die mediane Tumordosis betrug 50 Gy (16 bis 65 Gy). Die Rezidivlokalisationen wurden analysiert und mit den Bestrahlungsfeldern in Beziehung gesetzt.

Ergebnisse

Insgesamt wurden zwölf Rezidive beobachtet. Davon konnten sechs exakt den Bestrahlungsfeldern zugeordnet werden; diese lagen alle innerhalb des ehemaligen Bestrahlungsfeldes. Die anderen sechs Rezidive traten ebenfalls lokal auf; eine genaue Unterscheidung zwischen In-Feld- und Feldrandrezidiv war jedoch mit der damals zur Verfügung stehenden Bildgebung nicht möglich. Rezidive außerhalb des Feldes oder spinale Aussaat wurden nicht beobachtet. Bei acht von 17 lokal bestrahlten Patienten mit intrakraniellen Ependymomen traten fünf Lokalrezidive auf (Tabelle 2). Bei neun dieser 17 Patienten mit kraniospinaler oder Ganzhirnbestrahlung fanden sich sechs Lokalrezidive. Zwei von acht spinalen Tumoren rezidivierten lokal (Tabelle 3).

Schlußfolgerungen

Alle Rezidive traten innerhalb der lokalen Bestrahlungsfelder auf. In der übrigen kraniospinalen Achse fanden sich keine Rezidive oder Metastasen. Ähnliche Resultate sind aus der aktuellen Literatur bekannt. Der Wert von Großfeldtechniken (Ganzhirn-/kraniospinale Bestrahlung) muß somit in Frage gestellt werden. Mit modernen Methoden wie IORT oder Stereotaxie kann möglicherweise eine höhere lokale Dosis ohne gesteigerte Toxizität appliziert werden.

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Schüller, P., Schäfer, U., Micke, O. et al. Radiotherapy for intracranial and spinal ependymomas. Strahlentherapie und Onkologie 175, 105–111 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02742343

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