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Kinetics of sulfation of atlantic ocean manganese nodules

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Abstract

The sulfation kinetics of manganese nodules from the Blake Plateau of the Atlantic Ocean were determined using a TGA method in low concentrations of SO2, typical of power plant stack gases. Above 400°C the rate is proportional to the SO2 pressure and the unreacted solid fraction. The rate is independent of nodule particle size and the apparent activation energy is low. The sorption capacity is complete sulfation of the major constituent oxides; Mn, Fe, and Ca. Leaching completely sulfated nodules in boiling water provides Ni, Cu, and Co extractions above 80 pct. Much of the manganese but little of the iron is also extracted. At 300°C the SO2 sorption capacity is lower with most of the sulfation attributed to the manganese oxides.

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Abbreviations

F:

Fractional conversion of the major metal oxides (Mn, Fe, Ca).

ko :

Experimental rate constant for dry gases (min-1 atm-1).

kw :

Experimental rate constant in the presence of water vapor (h-1 atm-1).

PH2O:

Partial pressure of water (atm)

Pso2 :

Partial pressure of sulfur dioxide (atm)

t:

Time (min)

T:

Temperature (K).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Associate, Laval University, Quebec, Canada

    M. C. Van Hecke

  2. Process Metallurgy Group, Department of Applied Sciences, Stanford University, U.S.A

    R. W. Bartlett (Associate Professor)

Authors
  1. M. C. Van Hecke
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  2. R. W. Bartlett
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Formerly Graduate Student, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. 94305,

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Van Hecke, M.C., Bartlett, R.W. Kinetics of sulfation of atlantic ocean manganese nodules. Metall Trans 4, 941–947 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02645594

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02645594

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