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Comparative studies of chromosome pairing in natural and induced tetraploid dactylis

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Summary

Chromosome association and fertility have been studied in four diploid subspecies, three diploid subspecies hybrids, the induced tetraploids of these seven diploids, and several naturally-occurring tetraploids of theDactylis glomerata complex.

  1. 1.

    The seed set of the induced tetraploids was significantly lower than that of the diploids from which they were produced and of some but not all of the natural tetraploids with which they were compared.

  2. 2.

    The mean numbers of quadrivalents per cell at meiosis in all the natural and induced tetraploids were typical of autotetraploids and within the range previously reported forDactylis. Although statistically significant differences were found between plants and between strains, the chromosomes of the hybrid induced tetraploids formed quadrivalents as frequently as did those of the non-hybrids. There was thus no evidence for preferential pairing and consequently no support for the hypothesis of structural differentiation of chromosomes between the diploid subspecies.

  3. 3.

    Neither the hypothesis of structural differentiation of the diploid genomes, nor the suggested segmental allotetraploid nature of the natural tetraploids was supported by the cytological evidence that in all types of tetraploids examined, the frequencies within anthers of cells with 0, 1, 2, ... 7 quadrivalents were distributed binomially, consistent with the assumption that the probability of quadrivalent formation was uniform over all of the seven sets of four homologous chromosomes in a plant. Only the lower than usual quadrivalent frequencies in thehispanica plants examined, if proved to be typical, suggest progress toward diploidization in one form of natural tetraploidDactylis.

  4. 4.

    The induced tetraploids differed from the natural ones in having a slightly lower frequency of chiasmata and a much higher frequency of trivalents and univalents at diakinesis and first metaphase, which presumably would lead to a greater frequency of lagging univalents at first anaphase and to unequal distribution of chromosomes to the first telophase nuclei. Unequal anaphase distribution was found to be greater in the induced tetraploids than in natural ones. One probable consequence of this irregularity of importance to the further use of these experimental tetraploids is the frequent production of aneuploid gametes and offspring. It seems possible, however, that regularity of chromosome distribution may be improved by selecting for high fertility, high chiasma frequency and maximum formation of bivalents and/or zig-zag quadrivalents from which disjunction is equal.

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  1. Department of Genetics, University of California, Davis

    Gilbert D. McCollum

  2. Branch Experiment Station, Parma, Idaho, USA

    Gilbert D. McCollum

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Based on a dissertation submitted to the Graduate Division, Northern Section, of the University of California in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.

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McCollum, G.D. Comparative studies of chromosome pairing in natural and induced tetraploid dactylis. Chromosoma 9, 571–605 (1957). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02568094

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