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Le comportement viscoélastique du béton en traction et la compatibilité déformationnelle des réparations

Viscoelastic behavior of concrete in tension and dimensional compatibility of concrete repairs

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Résumé

Le retrait de séchage est l'une des plus importantes causes de détérioration potentielles des réparations superficielles en béton. Les contraines de traction générées par le retrait restreint peuvent être soulagées par fluage, mais le comportement viscoélastique du béton en traction est mal connu. Cet article présente sous forme de synthèse les résultats les plus récents d'un projet de recherche en cours voué à la compréhension et la caractérisation de la compatibilité mécanique des réparations en béton. Pour ce faire, un vaste programme expérimental destiné principlament à l'étude du fluage en traction du béton a été entrepris au moyen de deux appereils conçus aux fins du projet. L'influence de plusieurs paramètres sur le fluage en traction a été étudiée, notamment le rapport eau/liant, le type de liant, le volume de pâte, l'entraînement nement d'air, le renforcement avec des fibres, la maturité et le niveau de contrainte. Les résultats obtenus démontrent que le fluage en traction est un phénomème significatif dont l'intensité est généralement davantage sensible aux paramètres de composition que ne l'est le retrait, laissant ainsi entrevoir la possibilité de concevoir des bétons de réparation optimisés aux fins de la compatibilité mécanique. En complémentarité avec les travaux expérimentaux, la construction d'un modèle analytique simplifié, basé sur la théorie de la diffusion non linéaire, a permis de confirmer l'importance du fluage sur l'intensité des contraintes induites par le retrait de séchage et, incidemment, sur la fissuration dans une couche de réparation superficielle. Les résultats des simulations effectuées à l'aide du modèle indiquent que la réponse d'une réparation au séchage est principalement influencée par le rapport fluage/retrait, l'amplitude du retrait ultime et les paramètres de conception tels l'épaisseur du resurfaçage et le degré de restriction externe.

Abstract

Drying shrinkage may be a significant cause of deterioration of thin concrete overlays. Shrinkage-induced stresses can at least partially be relieved by tensile creep, but our knowledge of this property is quite little. This paper summarizes some of the latest fidings of a research program aimed at understanding and characterizing the dimensional compatibility of concrete overlays through the study of tensile creep. A large test program was undertaken for that matter by means of two tensile creep apparatus developed for the purpose of the project. The influence of several parameters upon tensile creep was addressed including the effect of the water to cement ratio, the type of cement, the paste content, air entrainment, fibre reinforcement, the age at loading, and the level of stress. Tensile creep was found to be a very significant phenomenon and generally, it is more sensitive to the concrete mixture characteristics than drying shrinkage, implying that concretes intended for overlay works could effectively be designed in view of dimensional compatibility. A simplified analytical model, based on the non-linear diffusion theory, confirms the importance of the role played by creep in reducing shrinkage-induced stresses and, hence, the problems of cracking in concrete overlays. The simulations performed on this model shows that the behavior of the repaired element is mainly influenced by the relative specific creep to shrinkage ratio, the ultimate shrinkage, and the design parameters such as the depth of the overlay and the externat restraints.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Département de génie civil, Centre de Recherche Interuniversitaire sur le Béton, Université Laval, G1K 7P4, Québec, (QC), Canada

    B. Bissonnette & M. Pigeon

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  1. B. Bissonnette
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  2. M. Pigeon
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Additional information

Editorial Note Prof. Michel Pigeon is working at CRIB, a RILEM Titular Member. He is the secretary of RILEM TC FHP: ‘Predicting the frost resistance of highperfomance concrete structures exposed to numerous freezing and thawing cycles’.

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Bissonnette, B., Pigeon, M. Le comportement viscoélastique du béton en traction et la compatibilité déformationnelle des réparations. Mat. Struct. 33, 108–118 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02484165

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