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Viscoelastic linearity limits for bituminous materials

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Abstract

As bituminous materials are viscoelastic in nature, their performance must be characterised using test methods and analytical techniques that account for time (or rate) of loading and temperature. In addition, it is usually advisable to confine the characterisation of a bitumen to its linear viscoelastic response (small strains) to simplify the mathematical modelling of the material, as non-linear response, particularly for viscoelastic materials, is extremely difficult to characterise in the laboratory and model in practical engineering problems. This paper describes an investigation of the linearity limits of a range of unmodified and modified bituminous binders and mixtures using a dynamic shear rheometer and a purpose-built dynamic, direct tension-compression, servo-hydraulic testing apparatus. The results show that there are strain dependent linearity criteria for both binders and asphalt mixtures at high stiffness values (low temperatures for binders and low to intermediate temperatures for mixtures) as well as a high temperature strain dependent linearity criterion for elastomeric modified binders. The linearity strain criterion for the mixtures was found to be in the order of 100 microstrain with the criterion for the binders being at least 100 times greater at just over 10,000 microstrain and the polymer network strain criterion at 1,000,000 microstrain.

Résumé

Étant donné que les matériaux bitumineux sont naturellement viscoélastiques, la caractérisation de leur tenue en service doit faire appel à des méthodes expérimentales et des techniques analytiques qui tiennent compte du temps (ou de la vitesse) de chargement et de la température. En outre, il est généralement recommandé de se baser sur la réponse viscoélastique linéaire (petites déformations) dans la caractérisation du bitume. Ceci permet de simplifier la modélisation mathématique du comportement matériel, vu que la réponse non linéaire des matériauxviscoélastiques est difficile à caractériser expérimentalement et à modéliser dans le cas des problèmes pratiques de l’ingénieur. Cet article décrit une étude des limites de linéarité concernant une gamme de liants et mélanges bitumineux non modifiés et modifiés, à l’aide d’un rhéomètre de cisaillement dynamique et d’une machine à commande hydraulique, conçue en vue d’effectuer des essais dynamiques de tension-compression directe. Les résultats montrent que des critères de linéarité dépendant de la déformation existent aussi bien pour les liants que pour les mélanges bitumineux, pour des valeurs élevées de la rigidité, à de basses températures pour les liants et à des températures basses ou intermédiaires pour les mélanges. Dans le cas des liants élastomères modifiés, un critère de linéarité dépendant de la déformation à haute température est également mis en évidence. Le critère de linéarité dépendant de la déformation pour les mélanges s’est avéré de l’ordre de 100 micro-déformation. Le critère correspondant aux liants étant au moins 100 fois supérieur et dépasse les 10000 micro-déformation et celui du réseau de polymère se situe à 1000000 micro-déformation.

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Editorial Note: Presented at the 6th International RILEM Symposium on Performance Testing and Evaluation of Bituminous Materials (PTEBM’03), held on 14th–16th April 2003, in Zurich, Switzerland, this paper was selected as an outstanding communication and peer-reviewed by the Scientific Committee of the Journal Materials and Structures Dr. Andrew C. Collop works at the University of Nottingham, a RILEM Associate Member, and participates in RILEM TC 182-PEB ‘Performance testing and evaluation of bituminous materials’.

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Airey, G.D., Rahimzadeh, B. & Collop, A.C. Viscoelastic linearity limits for bituminous materials. Mat. Struct. 36, 643–647 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02479495

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02479495

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