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Pharmacokinetics of macrolides. Comparison of plasma, tissue and free concentrations with special reference to roxithromycin

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Summary

When macrolide antibiotics are administered according to the standard therapeutic regimens, the highest plasma concentrations of total drug, both during the first dosage interval and at steady state, are obtained with roxithromycin, followed by clarithromycin and azithromycin. The corresponding free plasma concentrations, calculated from published data on plasma protein binding for the three macrolides, are of the same order of magnitude and the highest values are again those of roxithromycin. With the use of improved analytical methodology, a stable and prolonged total elimination half-life of roxithromycin of about 19 h was demonstrated at steady state in healthy adults with a 300 mg once daily dosage regimen. Intra-group subject variations (adults, children, the elderly etc.) were smaller than anticipated. Roxithromycin is found in high and similar concentrations both in plasma and tissue, demonstrating a balanced pharmacokinetic behaviour.

Zusammenfassung

Wenn die Makrolidantibiotika entsprechend den Standardgaben verabreicht werden, so erhält man gleichermaßen, bezogen auf die Gesamtsubstanz, bei einer ersten Einmaldosierung und beim „steady-state”-Spiegel die höchsten Plasmakonzentrationen bei Roxithromycin, vor Clarithromycin und Azithromycin. Die korrespondierenden freien Plasmakonzentrationen, errechnet nach veröffentlichten Daten der Proteinbindung der Makroliden, zeigen ebenfalls die gleichen Größenverhältnisse und die höchsten Werte bei Roxithromycin. Mit der Verwendung einer verbesserten analytischen Methode wurde eine stabile und längere Gesamteliminationszeit nachgewiesen, und zwar bei „steady-state”-Werten von gesunden Erwachsenen mit einer einmaligen Tagesdosis von 300 mg. Abweichungen innerhalb der untersuchten Gruppen (Erwachsene, ältere Erwachsene, Kinder usw.) waren geringer als erwartet. Roxithromycin wurde im Plasma sowie im Gewebe in hohen und gleichen Konzentrationen nachgewiesen und hatte eine gleiche Halbwertszeit. Roxithromycin zeigte damit ein ausgewogenes pharmakokinetisches Verhalten.

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Nilsen, O.G. Pharmacokinetics of macrolides. Comparison of plasma, tissue and free concentrations with special reference to roxithromycin. Infection 23 (Suppl 1), S5–S9 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02464952

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