Abstract
Two sets of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) bands are regularly observed in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor): set I is a permanent triplet; set II is variable, as either two or three bands. A faint set III is detected only when extracts from seeds subjected to anerobiosis are run in neutralpH gels. Dissociation-reassociation experiments reveal that the central band of the set I triplet is a heterodimer of the other two. Full-sib progeny analysis from selfed plants shows that the set II bands are doublets, with heterozygotes having only three apparent bands instead of four because of the similar mobilities of the fast-migrating isozyme specified by the slow allele and the slow isozyme specified by the fast allele. We propose a three-locus model as the best explanation of these patterns. Set I consists of the products of two loci and their intergenic heterodimer. Set III is specified by a third locus. Set II isozymes are the intergenic heterodimers of the two set I loci and the set III locus. This explanation is similar to that of Schwartz and Freeling for maize but suggests that the evolution ofSorghum includes a gene duplication of the homologue of theAdh-1 locus inZea.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Banuett-Bourrillon, F., and Hague, D. R. (1979). Genetic analysis of alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes in pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides).Biochem. Genet. 17537.
Brewer, C. J. (1970).An Introduction to Isozyme Techniques Academic Press, New York.
Brown, A. H. D., Marshall, D. R., and Albrecht, L. (1974). The maintenance of alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphism inBromus mollis.Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 27545.
Brown, A. H. D., Marshall, D. R., and Eldridge, K. G. (1975). Estimation of the mating system ofEucalyptus obliqua L'Herit. using allozyme polymorphisms.Aust. J. Bot. 23931.
Doggett, H. (1976). Sorghum. In Simmonds, N. W. (ed.),Evolution of Crop Plants Longman, London.
Ellstrand, N. C. (1978).Evolutionary Consequences of Permanent Translocation Heterozygosity in Oenothera, Ph.D. thesis, University of Texas, Austin.
Freeling, M. (1974). Dimerization of multiple maize ADHs studiedin vivo andin vitro.Biochem. Genet. 12407.
Freeling, M., and Schwartz, D. (1973). Genetic relationships between the multiple alcohol dehydrogenases of maize.Mol. Gen. Genet. 127215.
Gottlieb, L. D. (1974). Gene duplication and fixed heterozygosity for alcohol dehydrogenase in the diploidClarkia franciscana.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 711816.
Gottlieb, L. D. (1981). Electrophoretic evidence and plant populations.Proc. Phytochem. 71.
Gottlieb, L. D. (1982). Conservation and duplication of isozymes in plants.Science 216373.
Gould, F. W. (1968). Grass Systematics, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Grant, V. (1975).Genetics of Flowering Plants Columbia University Press, New York.
Hart, G. E. (1971). Alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes ofTriticum: Dissociation and recombination of subunits.Mol. Gen. Genet. 1161.
MacIntyre, R. J. (1976). Evolution and ecological value of duplicate genes.Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 7421.
Marshall, D. R., Broue, P., and Oram, R. N. (1974). Genetic control of alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes in narrow-leaved lupins.J. Hered. 65198.
Nevo, E., Brown, A. H. D., and Zohary, D. (1979). Genetic diversity in the wild progenitor of barley in Israel.Experientia 351027.
O'Malley, D. M., Allendorf, F. W., and Blake, G. M. (1979). Inheritance of isozyme variation and heterozygosity inPinus ponderosa.Biochem. Genet. 17233.
Roose, M. L., and Gottlieb, L. D. (1976). Genetic and biochemical consequences of polyploidy inTragopogon.Evolution 30818.
Roose, M. L., and Gottleib, L. D. (1980). Alcohol dehydrogenase in the diploid plantStephanomeria exigua (Compositae): Gene duplication, mode of inheritance, and linkage.Genetics 95171.
Ross, W. M., Kindler, S. D., Hackerott, H. L., Harvey, T. L., Sotomayor, A., Webster, O. J., and Kofoid, K. D. (1977). Registration of RP1R and RP2BSorghum germplasm.Crop Sci. 17983.
Ruddle, F. H., and Nichols, E. (1971). Starch gel electrophoretic phenotypes of mouse and human somatic cell hybrids and mouse isozyme polymorphisms.In Vitro. 7120.
Schwartz, D., and Endo, T. (1966). Alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphyism in maize—simple and compound loci.Genetics 53709.
Senadhira, D. (1976).Genetic Variation in Corn and Its Relatives Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Davis.
Torres, A. M. (1974). Genetics of sunflower alcohol dehydrogenase:Adh-2 nonlinkage toAdh-1 andAdh-1 early alleles.Biochem. Genet. 12385.
Torres, A. M. (1976). Dissociation-recombination of intergenic sunflower alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes and relative isozyme activities.Biochem. Genet. 1487.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Supported by USDA Grant 59-2063-01522 to NCE and KWF.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ellstrand, N.C., Lee, J.M. & Foster, K.W. Alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor): Evidence for a gene duplication. Biochem Genet 21, 147–154 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02395398
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02395398