Abstract
Bottom mud was collected from the upper and lower reaches of 92 rivers in Japan to determine the distribution of 0.5N-HCI-soluble heavy metals. The average concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd in the mud from the lower reaches were from two to three times higher than those in the upper reaches. Japanese rivers were classified according to the degree of heavy metal pollution by using the values of 0.5N-HCI-soluble metals in the lower reaches of rivers. The content of 0.5N-HCI-soluble heavy metals in the mud of the upper reaches was used as the standard value. The classification of rivers was made by a cluster analysis according to Euclidian distance. As a result, rivers in Japan could be classified into three groups based on the degree of metal pollution, and the classification was in agreement with the pollution index.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References cited
Chester, R., and F. G. Voutsinou, 1981, The initial assessment of trace metal pollution in coastal sediments: Mar. Pollut. Bull., v. 12, p. 84–91.
Filipek, L. H., and R. M. Owen, 1978, Analysis of heavy metal distributions among different mineralogical states in sediments: Can. J. Spectrosc., v. 23, p. 31–34.
——. 1979, Geochemical associations and grain-size partitioning of heavy metals in lacustrine sediments: Chemical Geol., v. 26, p. 105–107.
Foster, P., 1975, Geochemistry of surface sediments in a stream estuary: Mat. Geol., v. 18, p. 13–15.
Gibbs, R. J., 1973, Mechanisms of trace metal transport in rivers: Science, v. 180, p. 71–73.
——. 1977, Transport phases of transition metals in the Amazon and Yukon Rivers: Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., v. 88, p. 829–843.
Johnson, S. C., 1967, Hierarchical clustering schemes: Phychometrica, v. 32, p. 231–251.
Luoma, S. N., and G. W. Bryan, 1981, A statistical assessment of the form of trace metals in oxidized estuarine sediments employing chemical extractants: Sci. Total Envir., v. 17, p. 165–196.
Meish, L., 1978, Die remobilisierung von blei aus flussedimenten in gegenwart von komplerbildnern: Vom Wasser, v. 50, p. 75–92.
Muller, G., 1975, Heavy metals in sediments of the Rhine and Elbe estuary—mobilization of mining effect? Envir. Geol., v. 1, p. 33–39.
Nishida, H., F. Tada, and S. Suzuki, 1980, Computation of the index of pollution caused by heavy metals of river sediment: Report of Research Nippon Institute of Technology, v. 10, p. 87–93.
Nriagu, J. O., H. K. T. Wong, and R. D. Coker, 1981, Particulate and dissolved trace metals in Lake Ontario: Water Res., v. 15, p. 91–96.
Shibahara, M., R. Yamazaki, K. Nishida, J. Suzuki, S. Suzuki, H. Nishida, and F. Tada, 1975, Distribution of heavy metals in bottom mud of rivers III: J. Hygienic Chem., v. 21, p. 173–182.
Suzuki, M., T. Yamada, and T. Miyazaki, 1979, Sorption and accumulation of cadmium in the sediment of the Tama River: Water Res., v. 13, p. 56–63.
Tada, F., K. Yamazaki, T. Takashima, and S. Suzuki, 1976, Distribution of heavy metals in bottom mud of river IV: Jap. J. Limnol., v. 37, p. 100–107.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tada, F., Nishida, H., Miyai, M. et al. Classification of Japanese rivers by heavy metals in bottom mud. Geo 4, 217–222 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02380515
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02380515