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Structures and molecules involved in generation and regulation of biological rhythms in vertebrates and invertebrates

  • Multi-Author Reviews
  • Melatonin and the Light-Dark Zeitgeber in Vertebrates, Invertebrates and Unicellular Organisms
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Abstract

Melatonin from the retina and the pineal gland functions in neuroendocrine hierarchies. Photoreceptors — eyes and extraretinal — detect light. Oscillators — pineal and suprachiasmatic nuclei — act as pacemakers. Driven neuroendocrine rhythms carry temporal hormone signals throughout the body. Light controls melatonin: light sets the phase of the melatonin rhythm and determines the duration of melatonin synthesis. By these means, circadian rhythms (e.g. in locomotor activity and body temperature) and seasonal rhythms (e.g. in reproduction) are controlled.

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  1. Biology Department, Temple University, 19122, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    S. Binkley

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Binkley, S. Structures and molecules involved in generation and regulation of biological rhythms in vertebrates and invertebrates. Experientia 49, 648–653 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01923946

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