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Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) and membrane receptors in human leukemia and lymphoma — First experience with lyophilized cells

Terminale Deoxynukleotidyl-Transferase (TdT) und Membranrezeptoren an menschlichen Leukämie-und Lymphom-Zellen — Erste Erfahrungen mit lyophilisierten Zellen

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Summary

Surface marker analyses and TdT assays were performed on cells from 31 patients. A variety of diagnoses were made and categorized as follows: acute leukemia (group I), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (group II) and diverse diagnoses (group III). Levels of TdT in the range from 0 to 7.9 U/mg lyophilized blasts from the peripheral blood were found in AL. This corresponds to 0–95 U/108 cells. Preparations of mononuclear cells from the peripheral blood of healthy donors showed TdT values up to 0.88 U/mg or 10.6 U/108 cells. High TdT activity was observed in a patient with AML, type M1 according to the FAB classification. In a patient with ALL (L1) cytostatic treatment effected the clearance of TdT activity from the peripheral blood cells and at the same time induced a significant increase of E rosette forming cells. Combined studies of the TdT activity and cell surface markers may enable us to define remissions and relapses of AL more precisely than it is possible by conventional cytological methods.

Within the group II two patients with moderate TdT activities of 1.2 and 1.28 U/mg, respectively, were observed whose cells were of prolymphocytic or unclassifiable appearance, respectively. The TdT assay may be helpful to identify such cells of unknown origin and in addition may provide the means of discrimination between such cases and ALL patients who mostly show high TdT activities.

Another result of our studies was the finding of moderate TdT activity of 1.2 U/mg with cells from the pleural effusion of a patient with Hodgkin's disease. Cells from malignant effusions from a patient with melanoma and a patient with teratoid carcinoma showed no TdT activity. Cells form the peripheral blood and from the bone marrow of a patient with blast crisis of CML showed TdT activity of 1.52 and 2.72 U/mg, respectively. Two other patients with blast crisis were negative. Not TdT activity was found in leukemic plasma cells.

Our results show that lyophilized cells can be used for determinations of TdT activity. This greatly facilitates multi-parameter studies including cytological, cell surface marker and biochemical analyses.

Zusammenfassung

Analysen von Zelloberflächen-Merkmalen und TdT-Bestimmungen wurden bei 31 Patienten durchgeführt. Die Diagnosen wurden in folgenden Kategorien gegliedert: Akute Leukämie (Gruppe I), Non-Hodgkin Lymphome (Gruppe II) und verschiedene Diagnosen (Gruppe III). In leukämischen Zellen von Patienten der Gruppe I betrug die TdT Konzentration 0–7.9 E/mg gefriergetrockneten Materials. Das entspricht 0–95 E/108 Zellen. Präparate mononukleärer Zellen des peripheren Blutes Gesunder wiesen einen TdT-Gehalt bis 0.88 E/mg (10.6 E/108 Zellen) auf. Eine hohe TdT-Aktivität wurde bei einem jugendlichen Patienten mit AML (M1 der FAB-Klassifikation) gefunden. Bei einem weiteren Patienten dieser Gruppe mit ALL (L1) führte die cytostatische Therapie zu einem Rückgang der TdT Aktivität auf normale Werte und gleichzeitig zu einem deutlichen Anstieg der anfangs praktisch aufgehobenen T-Zellfunktion im Blut gemessen an der E-Rosettenbildung. Derartige kombinierte Untersuchungen liefern zusätzliche und möglicherweise empfindlichere Parameter für die Definition einer Remission bzw. eines Rezidivs der AL als die ausschließliche cytologische Methode.

Innerhalb der Patienten der Gruppe II wurden zwei Patienten mit TdT-Aktivitäten von 1.2 bzw. 1.28 E/mg beobachtet, deren Zuordnung nach cytologischen Kriterien problematisch war und die als Prolymphocyten-Leukämie bzw. unklassifizierbar beurteilt wurden. Bestimmungen der TdT Aktivität ermöglichen vielleicht eine Identifizierung derartiger Zellen. Patienten mit ALL weisen meistens eine wesentlich höhere TdT Aktivität auf.

Ein weiteres Ergebnis dieser Studie war der Befund einer mäßigen TdT-Aktivität von 1.2 E/mg in Zellen, die aus dem Pleuraexsudat eines der beiden untersuchten Patienten mit M. Hodgkin gewonnen wurden. Zellen aus dem Pleuraexsudat eines Patienten mit malignem Melanom und eines weiteren Patienten mit Terato-Carcinom waren dagegen negativ. Blasten aus dem peripheren Blut und dem Knochenmark eines Patienten mit einer Blastenkrise bei CLM zeigten TdT-Aktivität in Höhe von 1.52 und 2.72 E/mg.

Zwei weitere Patienten mit einer Blastenkrise bei CML waren TdT negativ. Keinerlei Aktivität der TdT wurde in leukämischen Plasmazellen gefunden.

Die Untersuchungen zeigen, daß gefriergetrocknetes Zellmaterial für Bestimmungen der TdT-Aktivität verwendet werden kann. Dadurch wird die Durchführung von Multiparameter-Studien, die cytologische, Oberflächenmarker-technische und biochemische Analysen beinhaltet, wesentlich erleichtert.

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Abbreviations

PBL:

peripheral blood lymphocytes

AL:

acute leukemia

AML:

acute myeloid leukemia

AUL:

acute unclassified leukemia

CML:

chronic myeloid leukemia

ML:

malign lymphoma of non-Hodgkin type

FCS:

fetal calf serum

DMSO:

dimethylsulfoxyde

PBS:

Dulbeccos phosphate buffered salt solution

SIg:

surface membrane bound immunoglobulin

ALL:

acute lymphoblastic leukemia

IF:

immunofluorescence

EDTA:

ethylenediamine tetraacetate

LL:

lymphoblastic lymphoma

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Supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bad Godesberg, We445 and SFB 102

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Wetter, O., Hossfeld, D.K., Linder, K.H. et al. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) and membrane receptors in human leukemia and lymphoma — First experience with lyophilized cells. Klin Wochenschr 59, 365–375 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01698514

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