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Comparative in vitro activities of amoxicillin-clavulanate, ampicillin-sulbactam and piperacillin-tazobactam against strains of escherichia coli and proteus mirabilis harbouring known β-lactamases

Vergleich der In-vitro-Aktivitäten von Amoxicillin-Clavulansäure, Ampicillin-Sulbactam und Piperacillin-Tazobactam gegenüber Stämmen von Escherichia coli und Proteus mirabilis mit bekannten β-Laktamasen

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Summary

Strains ofEscherichia coli (N=124) andProteus mirabilis (N=29) harboring known β-lactamases were analyzed as to their susceptibility to ampicillin, amoxicillin, and piperacillin alone and in combination with sulbactam, clavulanate, and tazobactam. With TEM 1-producingE. coli, a correlation between specific β-lactamase activity and the MIC of piperacillin and ampicillin-sulbactam was observed. These strains also showed significant differences in susceptibilities to the various combinations, suggesting that, at least in strains resistant to one combination, several β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations should be tested in the laboratory. All combinations tested enhanced the activity of the β-lactam towards TEM 1-producingE. coli, piperacillin-tazobactam being the most active. The drugs were less active to OXA 1 enzymes; solely with piperacillin-tazobactam 90% of strains were within the therapeutic range of the drug. Sulbactam acted synergistically to chromosomally encoded β-lactamases, whereas amoxicillin-clavulanate was inactive. Piperacillin and piperacillin-tazobactam inhibited all strains producing chromosomally encoded β-lactamases at concentrations within the therapeutic range of the drugs. In contrast, TEM 2 ofP. mirabilis was not sensitive to ampicillin-sulbactam, but to the other combinations; here again piperacillin-tazobactam was the most active.

Zusammenfassung

Wir untersuchten die Empfindlichkeit vonEscherichia coli (N=124) undProteus mirabilis-Stämmen (N=29) mit bekannten β-Laktamasen gegenüber Ampicillin, Amoxicillin und Piperacillin, allein und in Kombination mit Sulbactam, Clavulansäure oder Tazobactam. Bei TEM 1-produzierendenE. coli-Stämmen fanden wir eine Korrelation zwischen der spezifischen β-Laktamase-Aktivität und der MHK gegenüber Piperacillin oder Ampicillin-Sulbactam. Diese Stämme zeigten auch erhebliche Unterschiede in der Empfindlichkeit gegenüber den untersuchten Kombinationen. Daher ist zu empfehlen, wenigstens bei Stämmen, die gegenüber einer Kombination resistent sind, mehrere β-Laktamase-Inhibitor-Kombinationen zu untersuchen. Alle eingesetzten Kombinationen zeigten Synergismus gegen TEM 1-produzierendeE.-coli-Stämme, dabei war Piperacillin-Tazobactam am aktivsten. Gegenüber OXA 1-β-Laktamasen waren alle Kombinationen weniger wirksam. Nur Sulbactam in der Kombination mit Ampicillin zeigte Synergismus gegen chromosomal kodierte Enzyme, Amoxicillin-Clavulansäure war nicht aktiv. Piperacillin und Piperacillin-Tazobactam waren wirksam gegenüber allen Stämmen mit chromosomal kodierten β-Laktamasen, dabei lagen die minimalen Hemmkonzentrationen im therapeutisch nutzbaren Bereich. Demgegenüber war Ampicillin-Sulbactam inaktiv gegen TEM 2-produzierendeP. mirabilis-Stämme, die anderen Kombinationen waren wirksam, dabei zeigte Piperacillin-Tazobactam die höchste Aktivität.

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Gatermann, S., Marre, R. Comparative in vitro activities of amoxicillin-clavulanate, ampicillin-sulbactam and piperacillin-tazobactam against strains of escherichia coli and proteus mirabilis harbouring known β-lactamases. Infection 19, 106–109 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01645578

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01645578

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