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Cranio-facial dysmorphism: experimental study in the mouse, clinical applications

Dysmorphie crânio-faciale: étude expérimentale chez la souris — applications cliniques

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Summary

To obtain a better understanding of mandibulo-facial dysostosis and hemicraniofacial microsomia in man, the authors carried out a histologic and scanning electron microscope study of the facial malformations produced in mouse embryos by retinoic acid and methyl-triazene. The administration of 400 mg/kg 13 cis-retinoic acid (RA) to pregnant C57BL mice on day 9 of gestation produced anomalies of the cephalic extremity in the embryos resembling human mandibulo-facial dysostosis. The 64 embryos collected presented hypoplasia of the branchial arches or the snout in 79% of cases, auricular anomalies in 47% and ophthalmic anomalies in 12.5%. Fourteen NMRI mice on day 10.5 of gestation were treated with 1.5 mg (0.5 mg/kg) methyl-triazene (Methyl). The 126 embryos collected had developed a very high percentage of micromandibles and anomalies of both embryonic ears (94.6% to 100%). Finally, although the facial anomalies produced by retinoic acid resemble the human mandibulo-facial dysostosis syndrome, no correlation was found between hemicraniofacial microsomia and the administration of methyltriazene.

Résumé

En vue d'apporter une meilleure compréhension des modèles tératogènes de la dysostose mandibulo-faciale et de la microsomie hémicrâniofaciale humaine, les auteurs ont entrepris une étude histologique au bleu de toluidine et une étude morphologique au microscope électronique à balayage des malformations faciales induites chez les embryons de souris par l'acide rétinoïque ou par le méthyl-triazène. L'administration d'une dose de 400 mg/kg d'acide 13-cis rétinoïque (AR) à 14 souris C57BL gravides, au 9e jour de gestation, engendre chez les embryons des anomalies de l'extrémité céphalique simulant la dysostose mandibulo-faciale humaine. Les 64 embryons récoltés présentaient dans 79 % des cas une hypoplasie des arcs branchiaux ou du museau, des anomalies auriculaires (47 %) et ophtalmiques (12,5 %). Quatorze souris NMRI ont reçu, au jour 10,5 de gestation, une dose de 1,5 mg (0,5 mg/kg) de méthyl-triazène (Méthyl). Les 126 embryons récoltés ont développé un pourcentage très élevé de micromandibulies et d'anomalies symétriques des ébauches auriculaires (94,6 à 100 %). En conclusion, les anomalies faciales engendrées par l'acide rétinoïque évoquent le syndrome humain de la dysostose mandibulo-faciale. En revanche, contrairement à l'hypothèse émise par Poswillo, aucune homologie ne peut être faite entre la microsomie hémicrâniofaciale et l'administration de méthyl-triazène.

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Glineur, R., Louryan, S., Lemaître, A. et al. Cranio-facial dysmorphism: experimental study in the mouse, clinical applications. Surg Radiol Anat 21, 41–47 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01635051

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