Summary
To obtain a better understanding of mandibulo-facial dysostosis and hemicraniofacial microsomia in man, the authors carried out a histologic and scanning electron microscope study of the facial malformations produced in mouse embryos by retinoic acid and methyl-triazene. The administration of 400 mg/kg 13 cis-retinoic acid (RA) to pregnant C57BL mice on day 9 of gestation produced anomalies of the cephalic extremity in the embryos resembling human mandibulo-facial dysostosis. The 64 embryos collected presented hypoplasia of the branchial arches or the snout in 79% of cases, auricular anomalies in 47% and ophthalmic anomalies in 12.5%. Fourteen NMRI mice on day 10.5 of gestation were treated with 1.5 mg (0.5 mg/kg) methyl-triazene (Methyl). The 126 embryos collected had developed a very high percentage of micromandibles and anomalies of both embryonic ears (94.6% to 100%). Finally, although the facial anomalies produced by retinoic acid resemble the human mandibulo-facial dysostosis syndrome, no correlation was found between hemicraniofacial microsomia and the administration of methyltriazene.
Résumé
En vue d'apporter une meilleure compréhension des modèles tératogènes de la dysostose mandibulo-faciale et de la microsomie hémicrâniofaciale humaine, les auteurs ont entrepris une étude histologique au bleu de toluidine et une étude morphologique au microscope électronique à balayage des malformations faciales induites chez les embryons de souris par l'acide rétinoïque ou par le méthyl-triazène. L'administration d'une dose de 400 mg/kg d'acide 13-cis rétinoïque (AR) à 14 souris C57BL gravides, au 9e jour de gestation, engendre chez les embryons des anomalies de l'extrémité céphalique simulant la dysostose mandibulo-faciale humaine. Les 64 embryons récoltés présentaient dans 79 % des cas une hypoplasie des arcs branchiaux ou du museau, des anomalies auriculaires (47 %) et ophtalmiques (12,5 %). Quatorze souris NMRI ont reçu, au jour 10,5 de gestation, une dose de 1,5 mg (0,5 mg/kg) de méthyl-triazène (Méthyl). Les 126 embryons récoltés ont développé un pourcentage très élevé de micromandibulies et d'anomalies symétriques des ébauches auriculaires (94,6 à 100 %). En conclusion, les anomalies faciales engendrées par l'acide rétinoïque évoquent le syndrome humain de la dysostose mandibulo-faciale. En revanche, contrairement à l'hypothèse émise par Poswillo, aucune homologie ne peut être faite entre la microsomie hémicrâniofaciale et l'administration de méthyl-triazène.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alasha J, Louryan S (1990) Aspects histochimiques du développement de la mandibule et de l'articulation temporo-maxillaire chez l'embryon de souris. Bull Group Int Rec Sc Stomatol Odontol 35: 32
Benke PJ (1984) The isoretinoin teratogen syndrome. JAMA 251: 3267–3269
De LaCruz E, Vangvanichyakorn K, Deposito F (1984) Multiple congenital malformations associated with maternal isoretinoin therapy. Pediatrics 74: 428–430
Evard L, Louryan S, Vanmuylder N, Glineur R, Rooze M, Dourov N (1998) Le rôle de l'apoptose durant le développement crâniofacial: concepts et importance en pathologie. Rev Med Brux 1: 20–27
Franceschetti A, Klein D (1949) The mandibulo-facial dysostosis: new hereditary syndrome. Acta Ophtalmol 27: 143–224
Frank AA, Thonson DJ, Kazacos EA (1989) Teratogenicity of 3,3-Dimethyl-1-phenytriazene in the rat: gross malformations including micrognathism. Teratology 39: 53–61
Glineur R, Louryan S, Tainmont S, Van Dam P (1991) Teratogenic effects of 13-cis retinoic acid on mandibulo-otic anlagen of the mouse embryo: correlation with clinical human features. Surg Radiol Anat 13: 54
Granström G, Mikkonen AK (1990) Experimental craniofacial malformations induced by retinoids and resembling branchial arch syndromes. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 24: 3–12
Granström G, Mikkonen AK, Zellin G (1990) Malformations of mandibulofacial region induced by retinoids in an experimental system. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 19:167–171
Grand JH, Maggio-Price L, Cunningham ML (1997) Retnoic acid exposure of mouse on embryonic day nine selectively spares derivatives of the frontonasal neural crest. J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol 17: 1–8
Gorlin RJ, Cohen MM Jr, Levin LS (1990) Syndromes of the head and neck. 3 rd Oxford, Univ Press
Hall JG (1984) Vitamin A: a newly recognized human teratogen. Harbinger of things to come? J Pediatr 105: 583–584
Hall JG (1984) Vitamin A: teratogenicity. N Engl J Med 311: 797–798
Louryan S (1988) Morphogenèse des osselets de l'oreille moyenne chez l'embryon de souris. II. Etude de la chondrogenèse. Arch Biol (Bruxelles) 99: 453–463
Louryan S (1990) Does physiological cell death play a role in neuritic growth in the first two branchial arches of the mouse embryo? Eur Arch Biol 101: 191–196
Louryan S, Glineur R, Tainmont S, Van Dam P (1990) Tératogénicité de l'acide 13-cis rétinoïque sur les ébauches mandibulo-otiques de l'embryon de souris: approche histologique et histochimique. Bull Group Int Sc Stomatol Odontol 33: 3–4
Louryan S, Glineur R, Dourov N (1992) Induced and genetic mouse middle ear ossicular malformations: a model for human malformative ossicular diseases and a tool for clarifying their normal ontogenesis. Surg Radiol Anat 14: 227–232
Louryan S, Goffard J-C, Milaire J (1993) Teratogenic effects of methyl-triazene in NMRI mouse embryos: preliminary observations. Eur Arch Biol 104: 157–165
Louryan S, Glineur R (1993) Les foyers de dégénérescence physiologique dans les ares branchiaux de l'embryon de souris: étude morphologique, histologique et applications tératologiques. Bull Ass Anat 77: 19–22
Murphy ML, Dagg CP, Karnovsky DA (1957) Comparison of teratogenic chemicals in the rat and chick embryo. Pediatrics 19: 701–714
Poswillo D (1973) The pathogenesis of the first and second branchial arch syndrome. Oral Surg 35: 302–328
Poswillo D (1975) The pathogenesis of treacher collins syndrome (mandibulofacial dysostosis). Br. J Oral Surg 13: 1–6
Poswillo D (1988) The aetiology and pathogenesis of craniofacial deformity. Development 103: 207–212
Rosa FW, Wilk AC, Kesley FO (1986) Teratogen uptake: Vitamin A congeners. Teratol 33: 355–364
Stern RS, Rosa F, Baum C (1984) Isoretinoin and pregnancy. Acad. Dermatol 10: 851–854
Sulik KK, Johnston MC, Smiley SJ, Speight HS, Jarvis BE (1987) Mandibulofacial dysostosis (Treacher Collins syndrome): a new proposal for its pathogenesis. Am J Med Gen 27: 359–372
Sulik KK, Alles AJ (1991) Teratogenicity of the retinoids. In: Saurat JH (ed) Retinoids: 10 years on. Karger Basel, pp 282–295
Theiler K (1990) The house mouse: atlas of embryonic development. Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York
Webster WS, Johnston MC, Lammer EJ, Sulik KK (1986) Isoretinoic embryopathy and the cranial neural crest: an in vivo and in vitro study. J Craniofac Gen Dev Biol 6: 211–222
Yasuda Y, Okgamoto M, Konishi H, Matsuo T, Kichara T, Tanimura T (1986) Developmental anomalies induced by all-transretinoic acid in fetal mice. I. Macroscopic findings. Teratol 34: 37–49
Yasuda Y, Konishi N, Kihara T, Tanimura T (1987) Developmental anomalies induced by all-trans-retinoic acid in fetal mice. II. Induction of abnormal neuroepithelium. Teratol 35: 355–366
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Glineur, R., Louryan, S., Lemaître, A. et al. Cranio-facial dysmorphism: experimental study in the mouse, clinical applications. Surg Radiol Anat 21, 41–47 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01635051
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01635051