Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Effect of cigarette smoking on extent of acid-secreting area and intestinal metaplasia in the stomach

  • Original Articles
  • Published:
Digestive Diseases and Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The association of cigarette smoking and other variables with the extent of the acidsecreting area and intestinal metaplasia were investigated by multivariate analysis. Studies were made by the endoscopic Congo red-methylene blue test developed in our hospital. In this test, acid-secreting areas and areas of intestinal metaplasia could be identified as discolored areas and areas staining blue with methylene blue, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the following variables were associated with a reduction in the size of the acid-secreting area in decreasing order of importance: the smoking index and age. The following factors had little or no influence on the size of the acid-secreting area: sex, and the consumption of aspirin and nonsteroidal, nonsalicylate, antiinflammatory drugs (NSNSAIDs). In general, in patients with a high smoking index, the acid-secreting area was small. Smoking had an influence in both younger and older patients and had more influence in females than in males. Multivariate analysis also shows that the following factors were associated with an increase in the area of intestinal metaplasia in decreasing order of importance: the extent of the acid-secreting area, age, and the smoking index. The following factors had little or no influence on the area of intestinal metaplasia: the consumption of aspirin and NSNSAIDs and sex. In general, in patients with little or no acid-secreting area, the area of intestinal metaplasia was extensive. These findings indicate that smoking is associated with reduction in the size of the acid-secreting area and so in development of intestinal metaplasia.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Doll R, Jones FA, Pygott F: Effect of smoking on the production and maintenance of gastric and duodenal ulcers Lancet 1:657–662, 1958

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Doll R, Hill AB: Mortality in relation to smoking: 20 years of observations on male British doctors. Br Med J 2:1525–1536, 1958

    Google Scholar 

  3. Petitti DB, Friedman GD, Kahn W: Peptic ulcer disease and the tar and nicotine yield of currently smoked cigarettes. J Chron Dis 35:503–507, 1982

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Korman MG, Hansky J, Merrett AC, Schmidt GT: Ranitidine in duodenal ulcer. Incidence of healing and effect of smoking. Dig Dis Sci 27:712–715, 1982

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Sonnenberg A, Müller-Lussner SA, Vogel E, Schmid P, Gonvers JJ, Peter P, Stromeyer G, Blum AL: Predictors of duodenal ulcer healing and relapse. Gastroenterology 81:1061–1067, 1981

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Tatsuta M, Okuda S, Taniguchi H, Tamura H: Relation of intestinal metaplasia to the acid-secreting area. Endoscopy 11:166–171, 1979

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Tatsuta M, Okuda S, Tamura H, Taniguchi H: Endoscopic diagnosis of early gastric cancer by the endoscopic Congo red-methylene blue test. Cancer 50:2956–2060, 1982

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Tatsuta M, Iishi H, Ichii M, Noguchi S, Okuda S, Taniguchi H: Chromoendoscopic observations on extension and development of fundal gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. Gastroenterology 88:70–74, 1985

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Whitehead S, Truelove AC, Gear MW: The histological diagnosis of chronic gastritis in fiberoptic gastroscope biopsy specimens. J Clin Pathol 25:1–11, 1972

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Kosakai N, Abe H, Hayashi Y, Furukawa T: Modern Medical Technology, Tokyo, Igaku Shoin, 1978

    Google Scholar 

  11. Vilardell F: Chronic gastric disease and suction biopsy. Part 1; Chronic gastritis.In Gastroenterology, Vol 1. HL Bockus (ed). Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1974, pp 527–572

    Google Scholar 

  12. Staszewski J: Smoking and cancer in Poland. Br J Cancer 14:419–436, 1960

    Google Scholar 

  13. Staszewski J: Smoking and cancer of the alimentary tract in Poland. Br J Cancer 22:247–253, 1969

    Google Scholar 

  14. Piper DW, McIntosh JH, Greig M, Shy GM: Environmental factors and chronic gastric ulcer. A case control study of the association of smoking, alcohol, and heavy analgesic ingestion with the exacerbation of chronic gastric ulcer. Scand J Gastroenterol 17:721–729, 1982

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Hayashi C: On the prediction of qualitative phenomena from qualitative data and the quantification of qualitative data from the mathematico-statistical point of view. Ann Inst Stat Math 3:69–98, 1952

    Google Scholar 

  16. Hayashi C: On the quantification of qualitative data from the mathematico-statistical point of view. Ann Inst Stat Math 2:35–47, 1950

    Google Scholar 

  17. Tanaka Y: Review of the methods of quantification. Environ Health Perspect 32:113–123, 1979

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Siegel S: Nonparametric Statistics for Behavioral Sciences. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1956

    Google Scholar 

  19. Wolff G: Chronische Gastritis und Rauchen. Z Fortbild 62:789–794, 1968

    Google Scholar 

  20. Oddson E, Binder V, Thorgeirsson T, Oddsson E, Binder V, Thorgeirsson T, Jonasson TA, Gunnlaugsson O, Wulff M, Jónasson K, Wulff HR, Bjarnason O, Riis P: A prospective comparative study of clinical and pathological characteristics in Iceland and Danish patients with gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer and x-ray negative dyspepsia. II. Histological results Scand J Gastroenterol 13:489–495, 1978

    Google Scholar 

  21. Giacosa A, Cheli R: Smoke and chronic gastritis. Mount Sinai J Med 49:475–478, 1982

    Google Scholar 

  22. Morales A, Silva S, Osorio G, Alcalde J, Waissbluth J: Cigarrillo y secrecion gastrica. II. Efecto del cigarrillo sobre la secreciÒn gástrica. Rev Med Chile 99:275–279, 1971

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Vakil BJ, Mulekar AM: Studies with the maximal histamine test. Gut 7:364–371, 1965

    Google Scholar 

  24. Novis BH, Marks IN, Bank S, Sloan AW: The relation between gastric acid secretion and body habitus, blood groups, smoking, and the subsequent development of dyspepsia and duodenal ulcer. Gut 14:107–112, 1973

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Demol P, Singer MV, Hotz J, Dipp M, Goebell H: Interdigestive gastrointestinal motility and secretion of gastric acid and pancreatic enzymes in young cigarette smokers. Digestion 29:107–111, 1984

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Edwards FC, Coghill NF: Aetiological factors in chronic atrophc gastritis. Br Med J 2:1409–1415, 1966

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Roberts DM: Chronic gastritis, alcohol, and nonulcer dyspepsia. Gut 13:768–774, 1972

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Tatsuta M, Okuda S: Treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers with cimetidine. Jpn J Gastroenterol (in press) (abstract)

  29. Jacobson ED: The circulation of the stomach. Gastroenterology 45:85–109, 1965

    Google Scholar 

  30. Rubin W, Ross II, Jefferies GH, Sleisenger MH: Intestinal metaplasia. A fine structural study. Lab Invest 15:1025–1049, 1966

    Google Scholar 

  31. James AH: Gastric epithelium in the duodenum. Gut 5:285-bp294, 1964

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Gastroenterology, The Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka, Japan

    Masaharu Tatsuta MD, Hiroyasu Iishi MD & Shigeru Okuda MD

  2. Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka, 3-3, Nakamichi 1-chome, Higashinari-ku, 537, Osaka, Japan

    Masaharu Tatsuta MD, Hiroyasu Iishi MD & Shigeru Okuda MD

Authors
  1. Masaharu Tatsuta MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hiroyasu Iishi MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  3. Shigeru Okuda MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Tatsuta, M., Iishi, H. & Okuda, S. Effect of cigarette smoking on extent of acid-secreting area and intestinal metaplasia in the stomach. Digest Dis Sci 33, 23–29 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01536626

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01536626

Key words