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Biaxial extension of an elastic liquid

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Summary

A bubble inflation experiment has been used to study biaxial stretching of two samples of polyisobutylene. These were Enjay Vistanex LM-MS and LM-MH, which have viscosity-average molecular weights of 35 000 and 46000, respectively. Zero-shear viscosities are 1.1 × 106 and 1.4 × 106 poise, respectively. At room temperature (23 °C) the samples flow slowly enough under their own weight so that it was possible to test them in a bubble-blowing apparatus.

It was found that constant stresses and constant stretch rates could be approached over a range of stretch rates from 0.022 to 0.79 sec−1. Consequently, one can define an extensional viscosity over this range. The results indicate that at sufficiently low stretch rates the biaxial extensional viscosity decreases with increasing stretch rate. However, a minimum extensional viscosity is observed, following which it increases rapidly with increasing stretch rate.

Zusammenfassung

Die biaxiale Dehnung von Polyisobutylen wird durch die Aufblähung einer Blase untersucht. Zwei Arten Polyisobutylens werden gemessen. Das sind „Enjay Vistanex LM-MS und LM-MH“, die viskositätsmittlere Molekulargewichte von 35000 bzw. 46000 besitzen. Die Viskositäten bei Null Dehnungsgeschwindigkeit sind 1,1 × 106 und 1,4 × 106 poise, bzw. Bei 23°C fliegen die Stoffe genügend langsam, damit man sie in einem Blasenapparat messen kann.

Es wurde gefunden, daß man zwischen 0,022 und 0,79 sec−1 einer konstanten Spannung und Dehnungsgeschwindigkeit nahekommen konnte. Deshalb ist es möglich, in diesem Bereich eine Dehnungs-Spannviskosität zu definieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die biaxiale Dehnungs-Spannviskosität mit zunehmender Dehnungsgeschwindigkeit abnimmt, wenn die Dehnungsgeschwindigkeit genügend klein ist. Jedoch beobachtet man, daß die Dehnungs-Spannviskosität ein Minimum besitzt. Jenseits des Minimums nimmt sie mit zunehmender Dehnungsgeschwindigkeit rasch zu.

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Maerker, J.M., Schowalter, W.R. Biaxial extension of an elastic liquid. Rheol Acta 13, 627–638 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01521766

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