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Somatostatin

Somatostatin-A Review

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Summary

Somatostatin, a peptide isolated from ovine hypothalami, prevents growth hormone secretion in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, somatostatin interferes with the secretion of various other hormones: TSH, insulin, glucagon, gastrin, VIP and GIP. Under certain conditions a blunting effect on the secretion of prolactin and ACTH can be demonstrated.

There is evidence that somatostatin is effective even outside of the endocrine system. It interferes with the release of gastric acid as well as the secretion of the exocrine pancreas. Impairment of platelet function may be harmfull if somatostatin is used in men.

Immunohistochemically somatostatin can be demonstrated outside of the hypothalamus: in various parts of the brain, in the stomach, in the intestine and the islets of Langerhans.

In view of its influence on the secretion of numerous hormones and the wide distribution throughout the body the question arises whether somatostatin represents just the growth hormone inhibiting factor. It may very well be a tissue factor with multiple effects on cell membranes of various organs.

Zusammenfassung

Somatostatin ist ein aus dem Hypothalamus von Schafen isoliertes Peptid, welches die Ausschüttung von Wachstumshormon in vivo und in vitro hemmt. Darüber hinaus blockiert Somatostatin die Sekretion zahlreicher anderer Hormone: TSH, Insulin, Glukagon, Gastrin, VIP und GIP. Unter bestimmten Bedingungen läßt sich auch eine Wirkung auf die Ausschüttung von Prolactin und ACTH nachweisen.

Die Wirkung von Somatostatin ist nicht auf das Endokrinium begrenzt: die Sekretion der Magensäure und die exokrine Pankreasfunktion wird gehemmt; eine Minderung von Thrombozytenadhäsivität mahnt zur Vorsicht bei der Anwendung am Menschen.

Immunhistochemisch läßt sich Somatostatin auch außerhalb des Hypothalamus nachweisen: in anderen Hirnregionen, im Magen, Dünndarm und besonders in den Langerhansschen Inseln.

Es fragt sich, ob man — in Anbetracht des weiten Wirkungsspektrums und der Lokalisation in vielen Körperregionen — diese Substanz noch als Wachstumshormon inhibiting factor ansehen soll, oder ob es sich nicht um ein Gewebshormon mit vielfältiger Wirkung handelt.

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  1. Abteilung Klinische Endokrinologie und Arbeitsgruppe Diabetologie, Dept. Innere Medizin, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany

    C. Lucke, H. J. Mitzkat & A. von zur Mühlen

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Mit Förderung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bad Godesberg (Lu 183/2).

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Lucke, C., Mitzkat, H.J. & von zur Mühlen, A. Somatostatin. Klin Wochenschr 54, 293–301 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01471574

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