Skip to main content
Log in

A long lytic cycle in filamentous phage Cf1tv infectingXanthomonas campestris pv.citri

  • Original Papers
  • Published:
Archives of Virology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

In this study the lytic cycle of a filamentous phage is reported. Under normal laboratory cultivation conditions a virulent form could spontaneously and easily arise from a temperate phage. The virulent one could superinfect cells containing Cf1t lysogen. Therefore, we have named it Cf1tv. In a colony formation assay using cells from an infected culture, two types of colonies were observed, small and large. It could be proven that the formation of small colonies is the result of killing during Cf1tv infection. The number of small colony forming units (cfu) increased with infection time and reached a maximum at 16 h after infection, then dropped to the initial cell concentration at 28 h after infection; 28 h were required to kill all infected cells. Large colonies contained uninfected or phage-resistant cells, but no lysogenic cells. Bacterial death was further confirmed by a microculture assay. At 2 h after infection, normal-dividing cells (cfu giving large colonies) contained about 40% of Cf1tv-infected cells, then the percentage decreased with infection time. Slow-dividing cells (infected cfu giving small colonies) initially contained 55% of cells; this percentage increased slightly at 4 h after infection, then decreased at 8 h after infection. Non-dividing cells initially contained 5% of infected cells, then their numbers rapidly increased with time after infection. The cell division was seriously affected and finally stopped. During one-step growth, the latent period was 30 min and there was no burst; phages were released at 30 min after infection and the rate of release increased gradually with time after infection. Phage DNA integration into host chromosome could not be observed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bayer M, Webster R (1986) Effects of bacteriophage fd infection onEscherichia coli HB11 envelope: a morphological and biochemical study. J Virol 57: 258–266

    Google Scholar 

  2. Dai H, Chiang KS, Kuo TT (1980) Characterization of a new filamentous phage Cf fromXanthomonas campestris pv.citri. J Gen Virol 46: 277–289

    Google Scholar 

  3. Dai H, Tsay SH, Kuo TT, Lin YH, Wu WC (1987) Neolysogenization ofXanthomonas campestris pv.citri with filamentous phage Cf16. Virology 156: 313–320

    Google Scholar 

  4. Dai H, Chow TY, Liao HJ, Chiang KS (1988) Nucleotide sequences involved in the neolysogenic insertion of filamentous phage Cf16-v1 intoXanthomonas campestris pv.citri chromosome. Virology 167: 613–620

    Google Scholar 

  5. Fann CH, Kuo TT (1988) Studies on the structure of attachment site for filamentous phage Cf1t fromXanthomonas campestris pv.citri. In: Chen S, Tu J (eds) Plant molecular biology. Academia Sinica, Taipei, pp 1–7

    Google Scholar 

  6. Freifelder D (1987) Molecular biology, 2nd edn. Jones and Bartlett, Boston, pp 551–598

    Google Scholar 

  7. Hames BD, Higgins SJ (1985) Nucleic acid hybridization: a practical approach. In: Rickwood D, Hames BD (eds) IRL Press, Oxford, pp 114–121

    Google Scholar 

  8. Hohn B, von Schutz H, Marvin D (1971) Filamentous bacteria virus II. Killing of bacteria by absorptive infection with fd. J Mol Biol 56: 155–165

    Google Scholar 

  9. Horabin J, Websster R (1986) Morphogennesis of f1 filamentous phage Increased expression of bacteriophage gene 1 inhibits bacterial growth. J Mol Biol 188: 403–413

    Google Scholar 

  10. Kuo TT, Chao YS, Lin YH, Lin BY, Liu LF, Feng TY (1987a) Integration of DNA of filamentous bacteriophage Cf1t into the chromosomal DNA of its host. J Virol 61: 60–65

    Google Scholar 

  11. Kuo TT, Lin YH, Huang CM, Chang SF, Dai H, Feng TY (1987b) The lysogenic cycle of the filamentous phage Cf1t fromXanthomonas campestris pv.citri. Virology 156: 305–312

    Google Scholar 

  12. Kuo TT, Tan MS, Su MT, Yang MK (1991) Complete nucleotide sequence of filamentous phage Cf1c fromXanthomonas campestris pv.citri. Nucleic Acids Res 19: 2498

    Google Scholar 

  13. Lopez J, Webster R (1985) Assembly site of bacteriophage f1 corresponds to adhesive zones between the inner and outer membrane of the host cell. J Bacteriol 163: 1270–1274

    Google Scholar 

  14. Maniatis T, Fritsch EF, Sambrook J (1982) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor, New York, pp 97–148

  15. Marvin D, Hohn B (1969) Filamentous bacterial viruses. Bacteriol Rev 33: 172–209

    Google Scholar 

  16. Merrian V (1977) Stability of the carrier state in bacteriophage M13 infected cells. J Virol 21: 880–888

    Google Scholar 

  17. Model P, Russe M (1988) Filamentous bacteriophage. In: Calendar R (ed) The bacteriophages, vol 2. Plenum Press, New York, pp 375–439

    Google Scholar 

  18. Rasched I, Oberer E (1986) Ef coliphage: Structural and functional relationships. Microbiol Rev 50: 401–427

    Google Scholar 

  19. Ray D (1977) Replication of filamentous bacteriophages. Comp Virol 7: 105–177

    Google Scholar 

  20. Shieh GJ, Charm YC, Yang BC, Tu J, Bau HJ, Kuo TT (1991) Identification and nucleotide sequence analysis of an open reading frame involved in high frequency conversion of turbid to clear plaque mutants of filamentous phage Cf1t. Virology 185: 326–332

    Google Scholar 

  21. Similowitz H (1974) Bacteriophage f1 infection and colicin tolerance. J Virol 133: 100–106

    Google Scholar 

  22. Woolford J, Chashman J, Wesbter R (1974) F1 coat protein synthesis and altered phospholipid metabolism in f1 infectedE. coli. Virology 588: 544–560

    Google Scholar 

  23. Yang MK, Su WC, Kuo TT (1991) Highly efficient transfection ofXanthomonas campestris by electroportation. Bot Bull Acad Sinica 32: 197–203

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kuo, T.T., Chiang, C.C., Chen, S.Y. et al. A long lytic cycle in filamentous phage Cf1tv infectingXanthomonas campestris pv.citri . Archives of Virology 135, 253–264 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01310012

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01310012

Keywords

Navigation