Abstract
George Gallup polled "ideal family size" in 1936 and introduced a concept which subsequently appeared in many polls and fertility surveys. Previous research shows that ideal is a poor measure of respondent's personal fertility plans or behavior and that among researchers there is little agreement about what ideal family size does measure, if anything. Construct validity analysis based on historical, trend, and cross-sectional data suggests that the late 1960s saw ideal politicized as preoccupation with the "population problem" grew. Ideal family size is now appropriately regarded as a measure of a societal pronatalist norm and not merely a projected fertility preference.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adamchak, D.J. Ideal family size and family background: an examination of mothers' employment and daughters' family size preference.Social Biology 1977,24 170–172.
Belcher, J.C. Differentials in the ideal size of family in the rural Dominican Republic. Paper presented at the meetings of the Southern Sociological Society, 1971.
Blake, J. Family size in the 1960s—a baffling fad?Eugenics Quarterly 1967,14 60–74.
——. Can we believe recent data on birth expectations in the United States?Demography 1974,11 25–44.
Campbell, D.T. & Fiske, D.W. Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitraitmultimethod matrix,Psychological Bulletin 1959,56 81–105.
Cronbach, L.J., and Meehl, P.E. Construct validity in psychological tests.Psychological Bulletin 1955,52 281–302.
DeJong, G. Religious fundamentalism, socio-economic status, and fertility attitudes in the Southern Appalachians.Demography 1965,2 540–548.
Freedman, R., Goldberg, D., & Sharp, H., "Ideals" about family size in the Detroit Metropolitan Area.Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly. 1955,33 187–197.
George, E.I. Research on measurement of family size norms. In James T. Fawcett (Ed.),Psychological Perspectives on Population. New York: Basic Books, 1973.
Gustavus, S.O., & Nam, C.B. The formation and stability of ideal famiy size among young people.Demography 1970,7 43–51.
Higgins, E. Some fertility attitudes among white women in Johannesburg.Population 2, 45–70.
Kahl, J.A. Modern values and fertility ideals in Brazil and Mexico.Journal of Social Issues 1967,23 99–114.
Kerlinger, F.N. Foundations of behavioral research. (second edition) New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1973.
Peel, J. The Hull family survey I the survey couples.Journal of Biosocial Science 1970,2 45–70.
Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature. New York: H.W. Wilson Company, 1950–1970.
Ryder, N.B., & Westoff, C.F. Relationships among intended, expected, desired, and ideal family size: United States, 1965.Population Research (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development), 1969, n.p.
——, Reproduction in the United States 1965. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1971.
Simpson, M.L. Ideal family size in Monterrey, Mexico.Human Mosaic 1968,3 105–123.
Stycos, J. Social class and preferred family size in Peru.American Journal of Sociology 1965,70 651–658.
——, Contraception and Catholicism in Latin America.Journal of Social Issues 1967,23 115–133.
The New York Times Index, 1950–1970. New York: New York Times.
van Keep, P.A. Ideal family size in five European countries.Journal of Biosocial Science 1971,3 259–265.
Ware, H. The limits of acceptable family size: evidence from Melbourne, Australia.Journal of Biosocial Science 1973,5 309–328.
Westoff, C.F. United States. In Bernard Berelson (Ed.),Population Policy in Developed Countries. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1974.
——, & Ryder, N.B. The contraceptive revolution. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1976.
Yeracaris, C.A. Differentials in ideal family size—Buffalo, 1956.Sociology and Social Research 1956,44 8–10.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Trent, R.B. Evidence bearing on the construct validity of "ideal family size". Popul Environ 3, 309–327 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01255345
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01255345