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Alternating current electrode polarization

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Summary

This article summarizes principles of alternating current electrode polarization. The importance of alternating current electrode polarization in biological impedance studies is discussed. The following topics are treated in detail: Definition of Electrode Polarization Impedance; Linearity and Superpositioning Principle; Frequency Dependence of Electrode Impedance; Preparation of Electrodes (Optimal current density for platinum black application, Stability of electrode impedance, Cell design for platinization purposes, Aging and cleaning of electrodes); Effect of Electrode Polarization on Biological Impedances; Effects of Biological Matter on Electrode Polarization; Techniques to Correct for Electrode Polarization (Electrode distance variation technique, Large electrode distance, Graphical technique, Substitution technique, Frequency variation technique, Four-electrode technique); Transient Response of Electrodes; Microelectrodes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Electromedical Division, The Moore School of Electrical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

    H. P. Schwan

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  1. H. P. Schwan
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Additional information

This study was supported by NIH Grant HE-01253-14. Part of this material has been presented before (Ref. [25]) and is presented with the permission of the publisher Academic Press, New York.

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Schwan, H.P. Alternating current electrode polarization. Biophysik 3, 181–201 (1966). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01191612

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01191612

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