Abstract
The flux of O3 was measured by the eddy-correlation method over Norway spruce in periods when the trees had a very low activity, periods with optimum growth, and periods with water stress. The aerodynamic resistance (r a ), viscous sub-layer resistance (r b ) and surface resistance (r c ) to O3 were calculated from meteorological parameters and the deposition velocity. The canopy stomatal resistance to O3 was calculated from measurements of the water vapour flux. The deposition velocities showed a diurnal pattern with night-time values of 3.5 mm s−1 and day-time values of 7 mm s−1, when the trees had optimal growth conditions. The surface resistance was highly dominating in day-time and the influence of meteorology low. In night-time the surface resistance to 03 was lower than the canopy stomatal resistance. A low surface resistance was also found in winter-time, when the activity of the trees was low. The surface resistance increased when the trees were subject to water stress. It is concluded that stomatal uptake is an important parameter for the deposition of O3. However, other processes such as destruction of O3 at surfaces, reaction with NO emitted from the soil, and reactions with radicals produced from VOC's emitted from the forest, should also be taken into consideration.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andersen, H. V., Hovmand, M. F., Hummelshøj, P. and Jensen, N. O.: 1993, Measurements of the NH3 flux to a spruce stand in Denmark,Atmospheric Environment 27A(2), 189–202.
Cape, J. N., Smith, R. I. and Fowler, D.: 1994, The influence of ozone chemistry and meteorology on plant exposure to photo-oxidants,Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 102B, 11–31.
Galbally, I. E. and Roy, C. R.: 1980, Destruction of O3 at the earth's surface,Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc. 106, 599–620.
Gao, W. and Wesely, M. L.: 1995, Modeling gaseous dry deposition overregional scales with satellite observations -I. Model development,Atmospheric Environment 29(6), 727–737.
Gao, W., Wesely, M. L., Cook, D. R. and Hart, R. L.: 1992, Air-surface exchange of H2O, CO2, and O3 at a tallgrass prairie in relation to remotely sensed vegetation indices,Journal of Geophysical Research 97(D17), 18,663–18,671.
Jensen, N. O. and Hummelshøj, P.: 1995, Derivation of canopy resistance for water vapour fluxes over a spruce forest, using a new technique for the viscous sublayer resistance,Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 73, 339–352.
Johansson, C.: 1984, Field measurements of emission of nitric oxide from fertilized and unfertilized forest soils in Sweden,Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 1, 429–442.
Johansson, C. and Janson, R. W.: 1993, Diurnal cycle of O3 and monoterpenes in a coniferous forest: Importance of atmospheric stability, surface exchange, and chemistry,Journal of Geophysical Research 98(D3), 5121–5133.
Kaplan, W. A., Wofsy, S. C., Keller, M. and Da Costa, J. M.: 1988, Emission of NO and deposition of O3 in a tropical forest system,Journal of Geophysical Research 93(D2), 1389–1395.
Lenschow, D. H. and Raupach, M. R.: 1991, The attenuation of fluctuations in scalar concentrations through sampling tubes,Journal of Geophysical Research 96(D8), 15,259–15,268.
Massman, W. J.: 1993, Partitioning ozone fluxes to sparse grass and soil and the inferred resistances to dry deposition,Atmospheric Environment 27A(2), 167–174.
Rondon, A., Johannsson, C. and Granat, L.: 1993, Comparison of stomatal and cuticular uptake of ozone by Scots pine and Norway spruce,in P. Borrell (ed.),The Proceedings of the EUROTRAC Symposium '92, EUROTRAC, SPB Academic Publishers bv, The Hague, The Netherlands, pp. 723–726.
Webb, E. K., Pearman, G. I. and Leuning, R.: 1980, Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapour transfer,Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 106, 85–100.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pilegaard, K., Jensen, N.O. & Hummelshøj, P. Seasonal and diurnal variation in the deposition velocity of ozone over a spruce forest in Denmark. Water Air Soil Pollut 85, 2223–2228 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01186164
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01186164