Abstract
The sequences of nine different cytokines, growth hormone, and prolactin have been aligned and their secondary structure predicted. The alignment reveals that each exon has a characteristic sequence pattern shared by all cytokines. The most striking sequence similarity is observed in exon 4, where the residue pair Phe-Leu is conserved in many cytokines. In addition, there are discreet homologous regions between two specific growth factors, including a high degree of homology between granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 3 (IL-3). The secondary structure analysis predicts that exon 3 of all cytokines has an antiparallel helix-turn-helix motif, which is likely to form the central helical segments of a four α-helical bundle-type structure. Based on the secondary structure and the disulfidebonding pattern, the topological connectivity for a number of cytokines has been predicted.
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Manavalan, P., Swope, D.L. & Withy, R.M. Sequence and structural relationships in the cytokine family. J Protein Chem 11, 321–331 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01024870
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01024870