Abstract
In this paper, the authors draw from sociological explorations of time and narrative theory to interpret the problem that time posed for 37 infertile couples waiting for a child to adopt. We also address their emotional and behavioral responses to their problematic encounter with time. The adoption waiting period can be usefully conceived of as a: a) temporal irregularity in social life; b) temporally unmarked transitional stage in the passage to parenthood; and as a c) special kind of social construction and product of the imagination. Confronting empty time, waiting couples humanized time spent in waiting and maintained hope by creating a temporal framework for the waiting period. They established a timeline, plotted the end of the wait, and created a rhythm for the duration of the wait. Short-waiting couples were able to maintain a sense of making progress toward their goal of a child. Long-waiting couples increasingly felt as if they were standing still or moving away from their goal. The findings contribute to the understanding of temporality in infertile couples and affirm the uncertainty and discomfort that the lack of temporal order can engender.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Albert, S. (1984). The sense of closure. In K. J. Gergen & M. M. Gergen (Eds.),Historical Social Psychology (pp. 159–172). Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Calkins, K. (1970). Time: Perspectives, marking and styles of usage.Social Problems, 17 487–501.
Campbell, J. (1968).The hero with a thousand faces. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Dossey, L. (1982).Space, time and medicine. Boston: New Science Library.
Gergen, M. M., & Gergen, K. J. (1984). The social construction of narrative accounts. In K. J. Gergen & M. M. Gergen (Eds.),Historical Social Psychology (pp. 173–189). Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Gilman, R. (1987). The waiting since. In H. Bloom (Ed.),Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot (pp. 67–78). New York: Chelsea House.
Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1971).Status passage. Chicago: Aldine.
Goffman, E. (1963).Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Kermode, F. (1967).The sense of an ending: Studies in the theory of fiction. New York: Oxford University Press.
Kirk, H. D. (1984).Shared fate: A theory and method of adoptive relationships Second ed., rev. Port Angeles, Washington: Ben-Simon.
Polkinghorne, D. E. (1988).Narrative knowing and the human sciences. Albany: State University of New York.
Sandelowski, M. (1988). Without child: The world of infertile women.Health Care for Women International, 9 147–161.
Sandelowski, M., Harris, B. G., Holditch-Davis, D. (1989). Mazing: Infertile couples and the quest for a child.Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 21 220–226.
Sandelowski, M., & Pollock, C. (1986). Women's experiences of infertility.Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 18 140–144.
Sarbin, T. R. (1986).Narrative psychology: The storied nature of human conduct. New York: Praeger.
Schechner, R. (1967). There's lots of time in Godot. In R. Cohn (Ed.),Casebook on Waiting for Godot (pp. 175–187). New York: Grove Press.
Van Gennep, A. (1909/1960).The rites of passage. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Zerubavel, E. (1981).Hidden rhythms: Schedules and calendars in social life. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
The study described here, “The transition to parenthood of infertile couples,” is supported by Grant #NRO1707 from the National Center for Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, 1988–1993. The authors thank the QS reviewers for their helpful critique of an earlier draft of this paper.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sandelowski, M., Harris, B.G. & Holditch-Davis, D. “The clock has been ticking, the calendar pages turning, and we are still waiting”: Infertile couples' encounter with time in the adoption waiting period. Qual Sociol 14, 147–173 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00992192
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00992192