Abstract
A common characteristic of the response to infection seen in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an exaggerated and prolonged inflammatory response with frequent development of draining lymph nodes and granuloma formation. Recent reports of several CGD patients with minor but significant in vitro abnormalities of cellular and humoral components of neutrophil chemotactic responses would predict lessened responses to inflammatory stimuli. The following studies were, therefore, performed to assess in vivo inflammatory responses in patients with CGD. Twenty-four-hour Rebuck skin-window procedures were performed on eight patients (five male and three female) with CGD and on ten volunteers. The windows were changed 1, 3, 5,8, 12, and 24 h after the abrasion. Quantitation of the skin windows was performed with the assistance of a microscopeimage analyzer computer facility. Neutrophil accumulation into skin windows was normal in CGD patients throughout the first 5 h. However, during the 8-to 24-h period, when neutrophils characteristically disappear from normal inflammatory responses and are replaced by monocytes, there was abnormal persistence of PMN at the inflammatory foci in male but not in female CGD patients (P< 0.05 for the comparison of the rates of decline of PMN, from hour 8 to hour 24, in five male CGDs and in 10 normals). Monocyte recruitment was normal. In one CGD male, the abnormal skin-window response was normalized while he was receiving white cell transfusions. The data indicate that there is an abnormal “turn off” of the acute inflammatory response in male CGD patients and support a modulatory role for products of oxidative metabolism on the inflammatory response. In addition, they indicate that the mild in vitro defect in neutrophil chemotaxis is not associated with a depressed, acute inflammatory response in vivo and, therefore, does not explain the increased susceptibility of CGD patients to certain infections.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Johnston, R. B., andS. L. Newman. 1977. Chronic granulomatous disease.Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 24(2):365–376.
Klebanoff, S. J. 1982. Oxygen-depedent cytotoxic mechanisms of phagocytes.In Advances in Host Defense Mechanisms, Vol. 1, Phagocytic Cells. J. I. Gallin and A. S. Fauci, editors. Raven Press, New York, 111–162.
Mills, E. L., andP. G. Quie. 1980. Congenital disorders of the functions of polymorphonuclear neutrophils.Rev. Infect. Dis. 2:205–517.
Seligmann, B. E., andJ. I. Gallin. 1980. Use of lipophilic probes of membrane potential to assess human neutrophil activation. Abnormality in chronic granulomatous disease.J. Clin. Invest. 66:493–503.
Whiten, J. C., C. E. Chapman, E. R. Simons, M. E. Chovaneic, andH. J. Cohen. 1980. Correlation between membrane potential changes and Superoxide production in human granulocytes stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate: Evidence for defective activation in chronic granulomatous disease.J. Biol. Chem. 255:1874–1878.
Lew, P. D., F. S. Southwick, T. P. Stossel, J. C. Whitin, E. Simons, andH. J. Cohen. 1981. A variant of chronic granulomatous disease: Deficient oxidative metabolism due to a lowaffinity NADPH oxidase.N. Engl. J. Med. 305:1329–1333.
Gallin, J. I., M. P. Fletcher, B. E. Seligmann, S. Hoffstein, K. Cehrs, andN. Mounessa. 1982. Human neutrophil-specific granule deficiency: A model to assess the role of neutrophilspecific granules in the evolution of the inflammatory response.Blood 1982:1317–1329.
Rebuck, J. W., andJ. H. Crowley. 1955. A method of studying leukocyte function in vivo.Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 57:757–805.
Buescher, E. S., andJ. I. Gallin. 1982. Leukocyte transfusions in chronic granulomatous disease. Persistence of transfused leukocytes in sputum.New Eng. J. Med. 307:800–803, 1982.
Dale, D. C., andS. M. Wolff. 1971. Skin window studies of the acute inflammatory responses of neutropenic patients.Blood 38:138–142.
Clark, R. A., andS. J. Klebanoff, 1978. Chronic granulomatous disease. Studies of a family with impaired neutrophil chemotactic, metabolic and bactericidal function.Am. J. Med. 65:941–948.
Mills, E. L., K. S. Rholl, andP. G. Quie. 1980. X-linked inheritance infernales with chronic granulomatous disease.J. Clin. Invest. 66:332–340.
Clark, R. A., andS. J. Klebanoff. 1979. Chemotactic factor inactivation by the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-halide system.J. Clin. Invest. 64:913–920.
Clark, R. A., S. Szot, K. Venkatasubramanian, andE. Schiffmann. 1980. Chemotactic factor inactivation by myeloperoxidase-mediated oxidation of methionine.J. Immunol. 124: 2020–2026.
Tsan, M., andR. C. Denison. 1981. Oxidation of n-formyl methionyl chemotactic peptide by human neutrophils.J. Immunol. 126:1387–1389.
Voetman, A. A., R. S. Weening, M. N. Hamers, L. F. Meerhof, Annet A. A. M. Bot, andD. Roos. 1981. Phagocytosing human neutrophils inactivate their own granular enzymes.J. Clin. Invest. 67:1541–1549.
Wright, D. G., andJ. I. Gallin. 1975. Modulation of the inflammatory response by products released from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes during phagocytosis: Generation and inactivation of the chemotactic factor C5a.Inflammation 1:23–39.
Wright, D. G., andJ. I. Gallin. 1977. A functional differentiation of human neutrophil granules: Generation of C5a by a specific (secondary) granule product and inactivation of C5a by azurophil (primary) granule products.J. Immunol. 119:1068–1076.
Venge, P., andI. Olsson. 1975. Cationic proteins of human granulocytes VI. Effects on the complement system and mediation of chemotactic activity.J. Immunol 115:1505–1508.
Roos, D., R. S. Weening, S. R. Wyss, andE. A. Hugo. 1980. Protection of human neutrophils by endogenous catalase. Studies with cells from catalase-deficient individuals.J. Clin. Invest. 65:1515–1522.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gallin, J.I., Buescher, E.S. Abnormal regulation of inflammatory skin responses in male patients with chronic granulomatous disease. Inflammation 7, 227–232 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00917259
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00917259